Self-discrepancy and natural killer cell activity: Immunological consequences of negative self-evaluation.

Strauman, Timothy J.; Lemieux, Andrine; Coe, Christopher L.

doi:10.1037/0022-3514.64.6.1042

Cited by 67 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 37 publications

(60 reference statements)

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“…BDI scores of the primary infertile group was significantly lower than those of the secondary infertile group. On the other hand immunological investigations on psychoneurosis have demonstrated the potential impact of psychological factors on immunity (22,23). For instance, natural killer cell (NK) activity has been determined as the main factor in premature termination of pregnancy (24,25).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychologic and sexual dysfunction in primary and secondary infertile male patients

Şahin¹,

Ürkmez²,

Verit³

et al. 2017

Arch Ital Urol Androl

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Objective: The aim of this study was to compare depression and sexual dysfunctions observed in primary and secondary infertile patients. Material and method: The study was performed in 39 primary and 31 secondary infertile male patients. Male sexual health was evaluated using the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) score and depression with Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Results: Mean age of the participants and their partners were 31.54 ± 5.37 (range, 24-48 yrs), and 28.16 ± 5.58 (range, 20-46 yrs) years, respectively. Mean duration of their marriage ranged between 1 and 17 years (mean, 5.06 ± 4.15 yrs). A statistically significant intergroup difference was detected between groups as for BDI scores (p = 0.015; p < 0. 05). BDI scores of the primary group were significantly lower than those of the secondary group. A statistically and extremely significant difference was detected between IIEF scores of the groups (p = 0.006; p < 0.01). IIEF scores of the primary infertile group were higher than those of the secondary group. Conclusion: Our study, frequency of the depression and erectile dysfunction seen in the patients with secondary infertility was seen significantly higher than the patients with primary infertility.KEY WORDS: Infertility; Male sexual dysfunction; Depression; Secondary infertile man. clear definition of this time, the 12 months period is also accepted for the secondary infertility by many authors. Diagnosis of infertility can be made in nearly 15% of the couples who want to have a baby and primary or secondary infertility are detected in 90 and 10% of them (3). One of the basic and primitive instincts in human beings is reproductive instinct. Reproductive deficiency frequently creates a social stigma, which is perceived as a disgraceful condition (4). Infertility emerges from a sudden and unexpected life crisis, which can be diagnosed in the long run. It results in excessive stressful problems, which strain adjustment mechanisms (5). Studies analyzing the association between infertility and psychological functions have used one of the following models. One of them is psychological infertility model, which asserts the role of an existing psychopathology on the etiology of infertility and the other model (psychological result) claims that psychological problems arise as a result of infertility (6). Recently direct correlation of mental stress with infertility problems and its impact on the outcomes of infertility treatment has been demonstrated. For example it has been revealed that during natural disasters like earthquakes, sperm quality activities of seminal plasma superoxide dismutase and arginine decrease, and nitric oxide levels increase in men under stress (7,8). Since psychiatric disorders are more frequently analyzed during infertility investigations, scales specific to infertility process haven't been developed yet (9). In developed countries, it appears to be appropriate to take a detailed history about psychological status of the infertile couple. The rationale of this appr...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychologic and sexual dysfunction in primary and secondary infertile male patients

Şahin¹,

Ürkmez²,

Verit³

et al. 2017

Arch Ital Urol Androl

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“…Furthermore, idiographically elicited attributes predict affective, behavioural and/or physiological reactions more robustly than nomothetically identified self-attributes (e.g. Moretti & Higgins, 1990;Strauman et al, 2001;Strauman, Lemieux, & Coe, 1993;Shah, 2003). When the participant has completed all the SQ sheets prepared by the researcher (e.g.…”

Section: The Selves Questionnairementioning

confidence: 98%

Self-Lines: A New, Psychometrically Sound, ‘User-Friendly’ Idiographic Technique for Assessing Self-Discrepancies

2006

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Self-discrepancy theory [E. T. Higgins, 1987] proposes that discrepancies between self and 'ideal' standards are associated with dejection-related emotions, whereas discrepancies between self and 'ought' standards are associated with agitation-related emotions. Although there is substantial evidence to support the ideal/ought distinction, the traditional method used to measure self-discrepancies contains some theoretical and conceptual limitations. This paper discusses these limitations, presents a critique of other methods of measuring self-discrepancies and suggests a new measurement technique, the Self-Lines measure. This new approach is consistent with the theoretical underpinning of self-discrepancy theory. A pilot study suggests that this approach is feasible and two comparative studies demonstrate the validity and advantages of the Self-Lines measure.

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“…Higgins (1990) has shown that people interpret social information on the basis of chronically accessible as well as recently activated constructs and that their emotions reflect discrepancies between various types of self-representations or self-schemas. Strauman and his colleagues ( Strauman, 1992 ;Strauman, Lemieux, & Coe, 1993 ) have demonstrated that such discrepancies not only distinguish different kinds of patients (anxious vs. depressed) but even predict immune response when confronted with different kinds of self-relevant information.…”

Section: The Role Of Mental Representations Of the Self Others And mentioning

confidence: 99%

The scientific legacy of Sigmund Freud: Toward a psychodynamically informed psychological science.

Westen

1998

Psychological Bulletin

342

233

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Although commentators periodically declare that Freud is dead, his repeated burials lie on shaky grounds. Critics typically attack an archaic version of psychodynamic theory that most clinicians similarly consider obsolete. Central to contemporary psychodynamic theory is a series of propositions about (a) unconscious cognitive, affective, and motivational processes; (b) ambivalence and the tendency for affective and motivational dynamics to operate in parallel and produce compromise solutions; (c) the origins of many personality and social dispositions in childhood; (d) mental representations of the self, others, and relationships; and (e) developmental dynamics. An enormous body of research in cognitive, social, developmental, and personality psychology now supports many of these propositions. Freud's scientific legacy has implications for a wide range of domains in psychology, such as integration of affective and motivational constraints into connectionist models in cognitive science.Freud, like Elvis, has been dead for a number of years but continues to be cited with some regularity. Although the majority of clinicians report that they rely to some degree upon psychodynamic 1 principles in their work ( Pope, Tabachnick, & Keith-Spiegel, 1987 ), most researchers consider psychodynamic ideas to be at worst absurd and obsolete and at best irrelevant or of little scientific interest. In the lead article of a recent edition of Psychological Science, Crews (1996) arrived at a conclusion shared by many: " [T]here is literally nothing to be said, scientifically or therapeutically, to the advantage of the entire Freudian system or any of its component dogmas" (p. 63).Despite the explosion of empirical studies of unconscious cognitive processes (see, e.g., Greenwald, 1992 ;Kihlstrom, 1987 ;Schacter, 1992 ), few reference Freud; none cite any contemporary psychodynamic work; and in general, psychodynamic concepts are decreasingly represented in the major psychology journals ( Robins & Craik, 1994 ). The situation is similar in the popular media and in broader intellectual discourse. Publications ranging from Time to the New York Review of Books periodically publish Freud's intellectual obituary, with critics charging that Freud's ideas-such as his dual-instinct theory or his hypotheses about female personality development-are seriously out of date and without scientific merit (e.g., Crews, 1993 ).Many aspects of Freudian theory are indeed out of date, and they should be: Freud died in 1939, and he has been slow to undertake further revisions. His critics, however, are equally behind the times, attacking countenance was last sighted in earnest. Contemporary psychoanalysts and psychodynamic therapists no longer write much about ids and egos, nor do they conceive of treatment for psychological disorders as an archaeological expedition in search of lost memories ( Aron, 1996 ;Gabbard, 1994 ;Horowitz, 1988 ;Kolb, Cooper, & Fishman, 1995 ;Mitchell, 1988 ;Wachtel, 1993 ). People do sometimes describe feelings or behav...

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Self-discrepancy and natural killer cell activity: Immunological consequences of negative self-evaluation.

Cited by 67 publications

References 37 publications

Psychologic and sexual dysfunction in primary and secondary infertile male patients

Psychologic and sexual dysfunction in primary and secondary infertile male patients

Self-Lines: A New, Psychometrically Sound, ‘User-Friendly’ Idiographic Technique for Assessing Self-Discrepancies

The scientific legacy of Sigmund Freud: Toward a psychodynamically informed psychological science.

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