“…Our paper contributes to the vast literature on international environmental agreements (see, e.g., Carraro and Siniscalco [17], Barrett [18], Eyckmans and Tulkens [19], Diamantoudi and Sartzetakis [20,21], Diamantoudi, E., E.S. Sartzetakis, and S. Strantza [22,23], Chander [24], Osmani and Tol [25], Silva and Zhu [26], Battaglini and Harstad [27], Silva [28], Bayramoglu et al [29], Breton and Sbragia [30] and Finus et al [31]) and to the literature on environmental R&D (see, e.g., Greaker and Hoel [32] and Golombek and Hoel [33]). With the exception of Finus and Rundshagen [34] and Silva and Zhu [26], the coalition-proof approach we utilize here deviates from the ones utilized in the literature on international environmental agreements.…”