Self-extinguishment of cross-laminated timber

Crielaard, Roy; Kuilen, J.W.G. van de; Terwel, Karel; Ravenshorst, Geert; Steenbakkers, Pascal

doi:10.1016/j.firesaf.2019.01.008

Cited by 47 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…In the duplicate experiment β-2, the onset of delamination occurred before initial autoextinction had been achieved, and the continued, localised delamination led to ignition of the second lamella, and auto-extinction was not achieved, similar to the findings of [154,158]. The mass loss for experiment β-2, as calculated by Equation 5.4, is compared to that of experiment β-1 in Figure 5.6.…”

Section: Delamination-dominated Fire Dynamicssupporting

confidence: 59%

Auto-extinction of engineered timber: Application to compartment fires with exposed timber surfaces

Bartlett

Hadden

Hidalgo

et al. 2017

Fire Safety Journal

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Section: Delamination-dominated Fire Dynamicssupporting

confidence: 59%

Auto-extinction of engineered timber: Application to compartment fires with exposed timber surfaces

Bartlett

Hadden

Hidalgo

et al. 2017

Fire Safety Journal

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“…Spontaneous ignition can be aided by exothermic char oxidation, which causes an increase in surface temperature, which can then raise the gas Table 1 Critical Heat Fluxes and Surface Temperatures for Piloted and Unpiloted Ignition of Wood temperature to that required for ignition [32]. Sustained smouldering ignition has been found to occur around heat fluxes of 5 to 10 kW/m 2 [33,47] typically at surface temperatures around 200°C [20].…”

Section: Ignitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Factors Affecting the Burning Behaviour of Wood for Application to Tall Timber Construction

2018

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This paper presents a review of the pyrolysis, ignition, and combustion processes associated with wood, for application in tall timber construction. The burning behaviour of wood is complex. However the processes behind pyrolysis, ignition, combustion, and extinction are generally well understood, with good agreement in the fire science literature over a wide range of experimental conditions for key parameters such as critical heat flux for ignition (12 kW/m 2 ± 2 kW/m 2) and heat of combustion (17.5 MJ/kg ± 2.5 MJ/kg). These parameters are key for evaluating the risks posed by using timber as a construction material. Conversely, extinction conditions are less well defined and understood, with critical mass loss rates for extinction varying from 2.5 g/m 2 s to 5 g/m 2 s. A detailed meta-analysis of the fire resistance literature has shown that the rate of burning as characterised by charring rate averaged over the full test duration is observed to vary with material properties, in particular density and moisture content which induce a maximum 18% variability over the ranges expected in design. System properties are also shown to be important, with stochastic phenomena such as delamination and encapsulation failure resulting in changes to the charring rate that cannot be easily predicted. Finally, the fire exposure as defined by incident heat flux has by far the largest effect on charring rates over typical heat fluxes experienced in compartment fires. Current fire design guidance for engineered timber products is largely prescriptive, relying on fixed ''charring rates'' and ''zero-strength layers'' for structural analyses, and typically prescribing gypsum encapsulation to prevent or delay the involvement of timber in a fire. However, it is clear that the large body of scientific knowledge that exists can be used to explicitly address the fire safety issues that the use of timber introduces. However the application of this science in real buildings is identified as a key knowledge gap which if explored, will enable improved efficiencies and innovations in design.

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“…Advanced FEM methods are not often required because the simple calculations based on charring are sufficiently accurate [17] Active systems Ventilation new types of engineered wood products e.g. CLT cross laminated timber, the fire performance is very complex and extensively researched [22,23]. Whole frame response at fire exposure, load sharing and catenary action of floor systems need further research attention and verification.…”

Section: Structural Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fire safety engineering in timber buildings

Östman

Brandon

Frantzich

2017

Fire Safety Journal

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The combustibility of timber is one of the main reasons that many building regulations strictly limit the use of timber as a building material. Fire safety is an important contribution to feeling safe, and an important criterion for the choice of building materials. Historically, the combustibility aspect of wood has been a disadvantage for using timber as a construction material. The main precondition for an increased use of timber in buildings is providing adequate fire safety. This paper reviews the opportunities and challenges to reach this goal by implementing Fire Safety Engineering and Performance Based Design principles.

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Self-extinguishment of cross-laminated timber

Cited by 47 publications

References 3 publications

Auto-extinction of engineered timber: Application to compartment fires with exposed timber surfaces

Auto-extinction of engineered timber: Application to compartment fires with exposed timber surfaces

A Review of Factors Affecting the Burning Behaviour of Wood for Application to Tall Timber Construction

Fire safety engineering in timber buildings

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