Self-folding micropatterned polymeric containers

Azam, Anum; Laflin, Kate E.; Jamal, Mustapha; Fernandes, Rohan; Gracias, David H.

doi:10.1007/s10544-010-9470-x

Cited by 158 publications

(163 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Although optical tweezers are able to manipulate small objects with different sizes ranging from tens of nanometers to micrometers, a substantial mechanical gripper is still desired in the absence of an energy beam and free of possible harm to living samples or influences to chemical reactions. Examples include miniaturized self-folding grippers that are actuated by differential residual stress (33), magnetic force (34), temperature (35,36), and chemicals (37,38). We show here our LPCS artificial fibrillar structures are capable of capturing microparticles with excellent selectivity.…”

Section: Selective Trapping and Releasing Of Microobjectsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Laser printing hierarchical structures with the aid of controlled capillary-driven self-assembly

Lao

Cumming

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Capillary force is often regarded as detrimental because it may cause undesired distortion or even destruction to micro/nanostructures during a fabrication process, and thus many efforts have been made to eliminate its negative effects. From a different perspective, capillary force can be artfully used to construct specific complex architectures. Here, we propose a laser printing capillaryassisted self-assembly strategy for fabricating regular periodic structures. Microscale pillars are first produced by localized femtosecond laser polymerization and are subsequently assembled into periodic hierarchical architectures with the assistance of controlled capillary forces in an evaporating liquid. Spatial arrangements, pillar heights, and evaporation processes are readily tuned to achieve designable ordered assemblies with various geometries. Reversibility of the assembly is also revealed by breaking the balance between the intermolecular force and the elastic standing force. We further demonstrate the functionality of the hierarchical structures as a nontrivial tool for the selective trapping and releasing of microparticles, opening up a potential for the development of in situ transportation systems for microobjects.laser printing | capillary force | self-assembly | hierarchical structures | microobject trapping P eople learn from daily life experience that individual filaments can coalesce, as with wet hairs or paintbrushes pulling out of paint. Analogs of this elastocapillary coalescence exist and are often amplified in micro/nanoelectromechanical system manufacturing processes because the capillary force tends to dominate over the standing force that needs to be overcome for coalescence when the scale is reduced (1, 2). When one aims to create slender structures, the dominant capillary force drives them to collapse, cluster, or be completely destroyed. Some efforts such as adopting a supercritical-point dryer (3, 4) have been made to eliminate these unwanted behaviors when fabricating high-aspect-ratio structures. However, from another point of view, the capillary-driven bottom-up self-assembly can be exploited as a valuable tool to construct complex architectures. Compared with other driving forces for self-assembly such as magnetism (5), electrostatic force (6), and gravity (7), capillary force self-assembly features the advantage of simplicity, low cost, scalability, and tunability.The desire for scalable and cost-effective self-assembly schemes comes from observations of the natural world, where self-assembled filamentous structures with mechanical compliance at the microscopic and mesoscopic scale are ubiquitous and include, to name a few, actin bundles (8), gecko feet hairs (9), and Salvinia leaf (10). These structures give rise to diverse functions ranging from mechanical strengthening (11) and directional adhesion (12, 13) to superhydrophobicity (14) and structural colors (15), thus inspiring researchers to devote their efforts to mimic these multifunctional structures for decades. Many top-down fabricat...

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Section: Selective Trapping and Releasing Of Microobjectsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Laser printing hierarchical structures with the aid of controlled capillary-driven self-assembly

Lao

Cumming

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…1) and are fabricated using wafer scale processes such as photolithography, wet etching, and electrodeposition, as described in detail elsewhere (24). Here, we utilized metallic hinges (lead-tin solder) and panels (nickel), but it is noteworthy that elsewhere we have shown that polyhedra can be self-assembled with polymeric panels and hinges (25), suggesting that this self- assembly paradigm would apply to diverse materials. Polyhedral self-assembly occurs after patterned nets are released from the silicon substrate on which they are fabricated and heated above the melting point of the hinge material, which in the present case requires that the templates are heated in a high boiling point solvent (N-methylpyrrolidone) above the melting point of solder (183°C).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Algorithmic design of self-folding polyhedra

Pandey

Ewing

Kunas

et al. 2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

Self Cite

106

129

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Self-assembly has emerged as a paradigm for highly parallel fabrication of complex three-dimensional structures. However, there are few principles that guide a priori design, yield, and defect tolerance of self-assembling structures. We examine with experiment and theory the geometric principles that underlie self-folding of submillimeter-scale higher polyhedra from two-dimensional nets. In particular, we computationally search for nets within a large set of possibilities and then test these nets experimentally. Our main findings are that (i) compactness is a simple and effective design principle for maximizing the yield of self-folding polyhedra; and (ii) shortest paths from 2D nets to 3D polyhedra in the configuration space are important for rationalizing experimentally observed folding pathways. Our work provides a model problem amenable to experimental and theoretical analysis of design principles and pathways in self-assembly.microfabrication | origami | programmable matter | viral capsid N ature uses hierarchical assembly to construct essential biomolecules such as proteins and nucleic acids and biological containers such as viral capsids. Our increased understanding of biological systems has inspired several synthetic methods of selfassembly (1). Conversely, part of the promise of synthetic selfassembly has been that it may yield essential insights into the formation of biological structure. In order to realize these ambitions, it is necessary to develop model experimental systems and theoretical analyses that make precise the analogies between natural and synthetic self-assembly. Abstraction of the essentials of complex biochemical processes is an important step in this process, and perhaps the simplest abstraction is of the geometric form of a biological structure. Two such abstractions are the CasparKlug (CK) theory of viral structure (2) and hydrophobic-polar (HP) lattice models for protein folding (3). The consequences of geometry alone can be striking in such models: The CK theory provides a valuable classification of virus shapes by T number, and much of the detailed architecture of compact proteins such as helices, and antiparallel and parallel sheets emerges from purely steric restrictions on long chain molecules (4). Building such geometric models is, of course, part of a long tradition in biochemistry. What is now striking is the ability to build basic geometric structures such as polyhedra in laboratory self-assembly experiments using molecules such as DNA (5-8) or 100-nm to 1-mm scale lithographically interconnected panels (9). In addition to the intellectual value of such experiments, many of the self-assembled structures realized cannot be fabricated by alternate methods, and they are of technological relevance in optics, electronics, and medicine. In order to translate these self-assembly processes from the laboratory to a manufacturing setting, there is a need to uncover rules that govern yield and defect tolerance. Several experiments, in combination with a growing body of theory, point ...

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“…These mechanisms can be patterned templates or thin films which can be folded, curved, or rolled-up to become spirals, tubes, and cylindrical tubes [73,74]. Selffolding can occur spontaneously or in response to stimuli such as light, pH [75], temperature, magnetic field, or solvent [76,77]. In Figure 6, self-folding mechanism which is provided by hinges is shown briefly.…”

Section: Self-folding Polymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smart Delivery Systems with Shape Memory and Self-Folding Polymers

Erkeçoğlu¹,

Sezer²,

Bucak³

2016

Smart Drug Delivery System

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New generation delivery systems involve smart materials such as shape memory and self-folding polymers. Shape memory polymers revert back to their original shape above their glass transition temperatures where this temperature change can be induced conventionally, photolytically, with a lazer or magnetically depending on the composition of the material. This ability to assume original shape upon a trigger can be used in delivering drugs, DNA or cells. Self folding polymers are a new class of materials which may be composed of multilayers with different thermal expansion coefficients or with hinges that allow folding upon being triggered. These new materials allow various architectural designs of smart delivery vehicles predominantly for DNA and cells. The aim of this chapter is given shape and folding polymers and their usage for drug delivery systems.

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Self-folding micropatterned polymeric containers

Cited by 158 publications

References 33 publications

Laser printing hierarchical structures with the aid of controlled capillary-driven self-assembly

Laser printing hierarchical structures with the aid of controlled capillary-driven self-assembly

Algorithmic design of self-folding polyhedra

Smart Delivery Systems with Shape Memory and Self-Folding Polymers

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