Self‐Healing Ionomers

Hohlbein, N.; Tapavicza, Max von; Nellesen, Anke; Schmidt, Annette

doi:10.1002/9783527670185.ch13

Cited by 14 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…In a similar fashion, the addition of adipic acid restricts the formation of this secondary crystalline phase as the corresponding endotherm peak around 50 °C in Figure 1 flattens out completely. The results depicted in Figure 3 also contradict the declustering concept since no crossover point between G ’ and G ” can be found at 80 °C [ 8 , 9 , 37 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Figure 1 and Figure 2 show the effect the low temperature endotherm upon ionic cluster concentration and during the process of free-shrinkage respectively. In recent literature, the endotherm has often been attributed to a declustering of the ionic clusters which would lead to enough mobility within in the polymer network to support healing [ 8 , 9 , 37 , 38 ]. Other studies claim that the endotherm corresponds to the glass transition temperatures of the various phases within the polymer (matrix phase T g < 0 °C) that are linked to the ionic cluster concentration [ 39 , 40 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The majority of studies on self-healing ionomers attribute this endotherm to a declustering of the ionic multiplets that are formed within the polymer microstructure as was described by Tadano et al [ 38 ]. It is reported that the declustering of these multiplets would create sufficient mobility for the polymer to heal at temperatures below the melting point [ 8 , 9 , 14 , 18 , 37 ]. Another theory, posed by Eisenberg, describes the clusters of multiplets as a thermally stable phase with its own T g that is higher than that of the surrounding non-ionic polymer phases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Healing of Early Stage Fatigue Damage in Ionomer/Fe3O4 Nanoparticle Composites

et al. 2016

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This work reports on the healing of early stage fatigue damage in ionomer/nano-particulate composites. A series of poly(ethylene-co-methacrylic acid) zinc ionomer/Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticle composites with varying amounts of ionic clusters were developed and subjected to different levels of fatigue loading. The initiated damage was healed upon localized inductive heating of the embedded nanoparticles by exposure of the particulate composite to an alternating magnetic field. It is here demonstrated that healing of this early stage damage in ionomer particulate composites occurs in two different steps. First, the deformation is restored by the free-shrinkage of the polymer at temperatures below the melt temperature. At these temperatures, the polymer network is recovered thereby resetting the fatigue induced strain hardening. Then, at temperatures above the melting point of the polymer phase, fatigue-induced microcracks are sealed, hereby preventing crack propagation upon further loading. It is shown that the thermally induced free-shrinkage of these polymers does not depend on the presence of ionic clusters, but that the ability to heal cracks by localized melting while maintaining sufficient mechanical integrity is reserved for ionomers that contain a sufficient amount of ionic clusters guaranteeing an acceptable level of mechanical stability during healing.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Healing of Early Stage Fatigue Damage in Ionomer/Fe3O4 Nanoparticle Composites

et al. 2016

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“…The properties of the ionomers depend on their material structure, which is strongly influenced by the utilized ion pairs, the ion content (neutralization level), and the elastic behavior of the main chain [148,153,155]. Thermoplastic EMAA copolymers (Scheme 1) have been widely investigated for self-healing under ballistic impact [144,145,[156][157][158][159].…”

Section: Self-healing Under Ballistic Impactmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intrinsic Self-Healing Polymers Based on Supramolecular Interactions: State of the Art and Future Directions

Enke

Döhler

Bode

et al. 2015

Self-Healing Materials

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Supramolecular polymers are an intriguing class of materials with dynamic behavior as a result of the presence of non-covalent bonds. These bonds include hydrogen bonds, metallopolymers, ionomers, host-guest as well as π-π interactions. The strength of these supramolecular bonds can be tuned by varying the binding motifs. Their reversible and dynamic character can be utilized to engineer self-healing polymers. This review briefly presents the preconditions for design of self-healing polymers and summarizes the development of supramolecular self-healing polymers based on various non-covalent interactions. Furthermore, challenges and perspectives for the understanding of self-healing mechanisms and the preparation of novel materials with enhanced properties are discussed.

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“…Self-healing Ionomers take advantage on the phase separation of ionic groups within non-polar 146 polymeric matrices, playing an important role in controlling their structural properties 147 (Hohlbein et al, 2013). The principle is mainly investigated for semi-crystalline or elastomeric 148 polymers, and is promoted in the occurrence of local heat.…”

Section: Ionomers 145mentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of quantification methods in self-healing ceramics, polymers and concrete: A route towards standardization

Lucas

Tapavicza

Schmidt

et al. 2016

Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures

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During the past decades, research in self-healing materials has focused on the improvement in the mechanical properties, making stronger materials, able to bear increasing solicitations. This strategy proved to be costly and in some cases inefficient, since materials continue to fail, and maintenance costs remained high. Instead of preparing stronger materials, it is more efficient to prepare them to heal themselves, reducing repairing costs and prolonging their lifetime. Several different self-healing strategies, applied to different material classes, have been comprehensively studied. When new materials are subject of research, the attention is directed into the formulations, product processing and scale-up possibilities. Efforts to measure self-healing properties have been conducted considering the specific characteristics of each material class. The development of comprehensive service conditions allowing a unified discussion across different materials classes and the standardization of the underlying quantification methods has not been a priority so far. Until recently, the quantification of self-healing ability or efficiency was focused mostly on the macroscale evaluation, while micro and nanoscale events, responsible for the first stage in material failure, received minor attention. This work reviews the main evaluation methods developed to assess self-healing and intends to establish a route for fundamental understanding of the healing phenomena

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Self‐Healing Ionomers

Cited by 14 publications

References 53 publications

Healing of Early Stage Fatigue Damage in Ionomer/Fe3O4 Nanoparticle Composites

Healing of Early Stage Fatigue Damage in Ionomer/Fe3O4 Nanoparticle Composites

Intrinsic Self-Healing Polymers Based on Supramolecular Interactions: State of the Art and Future Directions

Study of quantification methods in self-healing ceramics, polymers and concrete: A route towards standardization

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