Self, identity and the naming question: Reflections on the language of disability

Zola, Irving Kenneth

doi:10.1016/0277-9536(93)90208-l

Cited by 182 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…According to Zola [48], Bthe issue of disability for individuals is not whether but when, not so much which one, but how many and in what combination^. Disability means difficulty or dependency in carrying out daily self-care activities, living independently in a home, and carrying out essential social roles.…”

Section: Disability In Late Lifementioning

confidence: 99%

Disability and physical activity in late life—research models and approaches

Heikkinen

2006

Eur. Rev. Aging.Phys. Act.

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Prevention of disability in late life has become a major public health concern, a key area of ageing research, and also an important target for the development of effective interventions. The increase in life expectancy and the resulting growth of the elderly population are also thought to be driving up the number of elderly people with disabilities. Despite the message that regular moderate physical activity has substantial health benefits even in very old age, older people remain largely sedentary. The most popular theoretical model for researching the development of disability is the disablement process, which is widely used, in the gerontological literature. The main pathway according to this model leads from diseases and injuries to impairments, functional limitations, and disability. This approach has been challenged most particularly by models, which emphasize the social construction and determinants of disability. Numerous physical exercise interventions have aimed at preventing impairments, functional limitations and disability, and at promoting independent living in late life. A review of the results of these interventions shows that exercise can indeed be effective in preventing impairments and functional limitations, but the evidence regarding the prevention of disability and dependency is inconclusive. The inconsistency of the results is related to differences in research models and approaches, cultural and other differences between the populations studied, and variability in research designs and methods, including definitions of key variables. In the future, research-addressing disability in late life needs to focus on the dynamic interactions between individuals and their social, physical, and cultural environment. Furthermore, randomized trials that are larger and longer than most existing studies of physical activity need to be conducted. Additional evidence can also be obtained by well-conducted observational studies focusing on the prevention of progressive disability related to chronic conditions. One of the key areas of development is in improving the definition of both independent (physical activity and exercise) and outcome (functional limitations, disability) variables. A further challenge is presented by the investigation of dose-response relationships, including both beneficial and possible adverse effects of exercise.

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Section: Disability In Late Lifementioning

confidence: 99%

Disability and physical activity in late life—research models and approaches

Heikkinen

2006

Eur. Rev. Aging.Phys. Act.

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“…One set of questions, as noted previously, pertains to the theoretically thorny issues of categories and contrasts -that is, who is to be compared, categorized how, and in relation to what parameters [40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57]. Another set concerns measurement error and selection bias, e.g., in relation to race/ethnicity, which can affect both the cancer data and the population data from which we often derive our denominators [43][44][45]61].…”

Section: Monitoringmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Controversies abound, for example, over how best to conceptualize and measure race/ ethnicity, racism, socioeconomic position, gender, sexuality, disability, and the other domains of inequality included in our definition [7,34,[40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54] -not to mention when they should be measured, at what points in the lifecourse, and at which levels of social organization [7,34]. Debates also concern choice of reference group and whether the focus should be on: absolute versus relative differences; measures of effect that contrast only the extremes versus measures that take into account the full distribution; and measures that focus on changes in the average level of health versus changes in the gaps between specified groups [10-12, 21, 28, 55-57].…”

Section: Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Defining and investigating social disparities in cancer: critical issues

Krieger

2005

Cancer Causes Control

143

110

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Research and action to address social disparities in cancer requires clarity about what constitutes and causes these persistent and onerous inequities in health. Currently, both scientific literature and government documents exhibit important disagreements, confused terminology, and considerable, if not deliberate, vagueness about the meaning of the phrase 'cancer disparities' and the related term 'social disparities in health.' This article accordingly reviews critical issues relevant to cohering understanding of what is meant by 'cancer disparities;' offers a definition premised on the causal contention that social disparities in health, by definition, arise from social inequity; and considers its implications for developing a multidisciplinary research agenda on social inequalities in cancer. Tackling this issue will require rigorous and critical frameworks, questions, and methods derived from multiple disciplines, and will necessarily involve epidemiologic, clinical, and intervention research, both quantitative and qualitative. At issue is making conscious research choices: about which types of disparities we study, in relation to which aspect of cancer, so as to improve the likelihood our research will help inform a society-wide discourse about the extent, origins of, and remedies for social injustices in cancer, thereby aiding efforts to eliminate social inequalities in health.

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“…Zola 19 afirmou que a linguagem estaria tão ligada às condições filosóficas e políticas da sociedade, quanto a geografia e o clima. O preconceito não seria imposto, mas "metabolizado" na corrente sangüínea da sociedade.…”

Section: Atkinson 2 Discutiu As Mudanças Na Terminologia Nounclassified

Conceituando deficiência

et al. 2000

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Algumas dificuldades da pesquisa e da prática na área da deficiência estão relacionadas à imprecisão dos conceitos, que acarreta problemas na aplicação e na utilização do conhecimento produzido em diversos países. São discutidos os conceitos de deficiência, incapacidade e desvantagem, tomando como ponto de partida o documento do Secretariado Nacional de Reabilitação da Organização Mundial da Saúde e fazendo uma análise de publicações recentes sobre esse tema. Leituras e discussões dessas publicações possibilitaram seu agrupamento com referência a: a) conceituação; b) ampliação de conceitos; c) questões relativas à terminologia; d) modelos teóricos e suas implicações. Foram também analisados as divergências, convergências e o alcance dos textos referidos, reafirmando a importância da terminologia utilizada na área da deficiência para favorecer a proximidade entre as pessoas e a comunicação entre os especialistas.

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Self, identity and the naming question: Reflections on the language of disability

Cited by 182 publications

References 13 publications

Disability and physical activity in late life—research models and approaches

Disability and physical activity in late life—research models and approaches

Defining and investigating social disparities in cancer: critical issues

Conceituando deficiência

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