Self-Mixing Interferometry With Terahertz Quantum Cascade Lasers

Valavanis, Alexander; Dean, Paul; Lim, Yah Leng; Alhathlool, R.; Nikolić, M.; Kliese, Russell; Khanna, Suraj P.; Indjin, D.; Wilson, Stephen J.; Rakić, Aleksandar D.; Linfield, E. H.; Davies, A. G.

doi:10.1109/jsen.2012.2218594

Cited by 51 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Optical feedback occurs to a greater or lesser extent in all laser applications, regardless of whether it is intentional, thereby necessitating its inclusion in operating models of many laser systems. Intentional optical feedback can be used in interferometric sensing applications [8,14], for example, to infer the properties of a target from the measured self-mixing voltage [15][16][17], and has been applied recently to applications including THz biomedical imaging, explosives detection, and THz radar imaging [18][19][20][21][22][23][24]. Conversely, optical feedback in communication applications is usually undesirable and has the potential to cause problems such as unwanted self-mixing fringes, coherence collapse, chaotic behavior, or unwanted transitions between laser operating regimes [25,26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Model for a pulsed terahertz quantum cascade laser under optical feedback

Agnew¹,

Grier²,

Taimre³

et al. 2016

Opt. Express

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Abstract:Optical feedback effects in lasers may be useful or problematic, depending on the type of application. When semiconductor lasers are operated using pulsed-mode excitation, their behavior under optical feedback depends on the electronic and thermal characteristics of the laser, as well as the nature of the external cavity. Predicting the behavior of a laser under both optical feedback and pulsed operation therefore requires a detailed model that includes laser-specific thermal and electronic characteristics. In this paper we introduce such a model for an exemplar bound-to-continuum terahertz frequency quantum cascade laser (QCL), illustrating its use in a selection of pulsed operation scenarios. Our results demonstrate significant interplay between electro-optical, thermal, and feedback phenomena, and that this interplay is key to understanding QCL behavior in pulsed applications. Further, our results suggest that for many types of QCL in interferometric applications, thermal modulation via low duty cycle pulsed operation would be an alternative to commonly used adiabatic modulation.Published by The Optical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI. 4, 631-633 (2014). 11. G. Giuliani, M. Norgia, S. Donati, and T. Bosch, "Laser diode self-mixing technique for sensing applications," J. Opt.A 1937-1942 (2016

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Model for a pulsed terahertz quantum cascade laser under optical feedback

Agnew¹,

Grier²,

Taimre³

et al. 2016

Opt. Express

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“…In this application an enhanced coherence will allow for better fringe definition and higher resolution as well as higher sensitivity, enabling longer distances for imaging. Indeed, imaging has previously been demonstrated, using this approach, at round-trip distances exceeding 20m through air [58]. Fig.…”

Section: Demonstrationmentioning

confidence: 87%

Coherent terahertz photonics

Seeds¹,

Fice²,

Bałakier³

et al. 2013

Opt. Express

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Abstract:We present a review of recent developments in THz coherent systems based on photonic local oscillators. We show that such techniques can enable the creation of highly coherent, thus highly sensitive, systems for frequencies ranging from 100 GHz to 5 THz, within an energy efficient integrated platform. We suggest that such systems could enable the THz spectrum to realize its full applications potential. To demonstrate how photonics-enabled THz systems can be realized, we review the performance of key components, show recent demonstrations of integrated platforms, and give examples of applications. References and links1. A. G. Davies and E. H. Linfield, eds., "Special Supplement: THz Technology," Electron. Lett. 46(26), (2010). 2. S. J. Savory, "Digital filters for coherent optical receivers," Opt. Express 16(2), 804-817 (2008). 3. H. Eisele, "480GHz oscillator with an InP Gunn device," Electron. Lett. 46(6), 422-423 (2010). 4. L. Moeller, J. Federici, and K. Su, "THz wireless communications: 2.5 Gb/s error-free transmission at 625 GHz using a narrow-bandwidth 1 mW THz source," XXXth URSI General Assembly and Scientific Symposium (2011). 5. C. C. Renaud, M. Robertson, D. Rogers, R. Firth, P. J. Cannard, R. Moore, and A. J. Seeds, "A high responsivity, broadband waveguide uni-travelling carrier photodiode," Proc. SPIE 61940, 61940C, 61940C-8 (2006

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“…But, more recently, it has been shown that the emitting QCL cavity itself can be used as a radiation selfdetector, providing system miniaturization, and absorptioncoefficient-sensitive reflection imaging (for a review, see [13]). This Ôself-mixingÕ approach has been highly successful, and it has been possible to demonstrate: displacement sensing interferometry [14]; two-dimensional imaging [15], imaging over distances exceeding 10 m [16]; and, swept frequency coherent imaging, enabling the measurement of porcine tissue [17], inter alia.…”

Section: Thz Qcl Developmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%