Self-reported and the actual involvement of community pharmacy professionals in the management of acute childhood diarrhea in Jazan Province, Saudi Arabia: Simulated patient visits and survey study

Ali, Eman Merghani; Alqahtani, Saad S.; Syed, Nabeel Kashan; Banji, Otilia J.F.; Mashragi, Yahia Ali; Ageel, Mohammed Ali; Hakami, Bashaer Abdullah; Mathkur, Majed Hassan; Solan, Renad Mehsen; Khardali, Amani; Tripathi, R. D.

doi:10.1016/j.jsps.2022.07.012

Cited by 3 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…Internal consistency of the developed instrument was assessed by Cronbach's alpha. The alpha coefficients of all the sections of the developed instrument were above the required value of 0.70 ( see Table 2 ), indicating excellent reliability ( Merghani Ali et al, 2022 ). Data from the pilot study was subsequently excluded from all further analyses (See Table 2 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…The current research noticed positive significant correlations between participants' awareness score and attitude score (r = 0.52; p < 0.01), their awareness score and practice score (r = 0.61; p < 0.01), as well as their attitude score and practice score (r = 0.42; p < 0.01) . The aforesaid findings show that an increase in the score of one variable results in an increase in the score of other variables ( Alnohair et al, 2021 , Assiry et al, 2022 , Merghani Ali et al, 2022 , Syed et al, 2022 ). Our findings demonstrate the three components (i.e., awareness, attitude and practice) to be correlated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Healthcare professionals' awareness, attitudes and practices towards pharmacovigilance and spontaneous adverse drug reaction reporting in Jazan Province, Saudi Arabia: A survey study

Alqahtani¹,

Ahmad²,

Alam³

et al. 2023

Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Healthcare professionals' awareness, attitudes and practices towards pharmacovigilance and spontaneous adverse drug reaction reporting in Jazan Province, Saudi Arabia: A survey study

Alqahtani¹,

Ahmad²,

Alam³

et al. 2023

Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal

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“…Patients with diarrhea who are neglected, or receive insufficient treatment, may encounter complications including increasing morbidity, which negatively impacts on their quality of life. Community pharmacists can intervene effectively at this stage due to their increasing role in preventing and diagnosing childhood diarrhea, providing education and referral services ( 16 ). As accessible healthcare providers, they are pivotal in community health, endorsed during the recent COVID-19 pandemic ( 17 , 18 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It remains uncertain whether pharmacists are delivering appropriate management or facing challenges in this area. Identified common obstacles include insufficient patient history acquisition, inappropriate medication suggestions including antibiotics, suboptimal consultation practices, and limited public understanding of community pharmacists’ roles ( 16 , 19 ). There have also been concerns with the dispensing of antibiotics without a prescription without a thorough history, rehydration and other approaches first as well as a referral to a physician if needed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consequently, the objective of this study was to assess the practice, proficiency, and willingness of community pharmacists in Saudi Arabia in acquiring essential information and implementing appropriate interventions for managing childhood diarrhea. This includes promoting optimal management including rehydration and not dispensing any antibiotics without a referral and prescription from a physician, building on the earlier study of Merghani Ali et al ( 16 ). Reducing inappropriate dispensing of antibiotics in ambulatory care will reduce antibiotic resistance (AMR) ( 12 , 22 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Managing infectious diarrhea among young children in community pharmacies in Saudi Arabia and the implications for AMR

Alnezary,

Alamri,

Alrehaili

et al. 2024

Front. Pediatr.

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IntroductionDiarrhea remains a major global health issue for children under five, contributing substantially to morbidity and mortality. Community pharmacists play a pivotal role in the management of these children; however, their competence in managing childhood diarrhea in Saudi Arabia is under-researched. This is important to ensure optimal patient care.MethodSimulated patients (SPs) presenting with three pediatric diarrhea scenarios were used to evaluate pharmacists’ practice in terms of their counselling, history taking, over-the-counter (OTC) prescribing, medication instructions, diet/fluid advice, and/or information provision. Pharmacists’ practice was categorized into adequate, less adequate, and poor.Results182 community pharmacists, primarily male and non-Saudi, participated in the study, of which 60% were in chain pharmacies. Only 5% showed adequate practice in currently managing pediatric diarrhea. Of the 182 simulated patient visits, 62% received medication in all three scenarios and 20% were referred to physicians, with 16% of pharmacists failing to provide any form of intervention. The main medications recommended were kaolin (34%), pectin (34%) and metronidazole (11%). While most pharmacists (86%) asked about the patient's identity and age, 15% provided incorrect management information, 16% failed to provide guidance on the prescribed medicines, and 18% dispensed antimicrobials without a valid prescription.ConclusionA high level of inadequate management of pediatric diarrhea in Saudi Arabia was observed. This highlights the need for extensive training to improve community pharmacists’ practice in service delivery including providing counselling and advice on the appropriate management of childhood diarrhea. The latter is particularly important to reduce antimicrobial resistance.

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Community Pharmacy Professionals’ Knowledge and Counseling Skills for the Treatment of Acute Diarrhea in Children in Qassim Region, Saudi Arabia: Questionnaire Based and Simulated Client Study

Alfadly,

Anaam,

Alzunaydi

et al. 2024

PPA

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Objective The study aimed to evaluate the knowledge and counseling skills of community pharmacy professionals regarding managing acute diarrhea in children in the Qassim region of Saudi Arabia. Methods A cross-sectional study consisting of a questionnaire and simulated client scenario was conducted to collect data from pharmacy professionals working in community pharmacies over a period of 3 months in the Qassim region of Saudi Arabia. Pharmacy professionals were assessed for evaluating cases using 5 indicators (the age of the child, the frequency of diarrhea, fever and the presence of mucus or blood) and also for their recommendations and counseling. Results The data were collected from 60 pharmacy professionals after site visits. In the questionnaire, 60% of the pharmacy professionals used all 5 indicators, while in the simulation, 13.3% used at least 3 indicators and 80% used 2 or fewer indicators ( p = 0.35). An oral rehydration solution was recommended alone by 35% of the pharmacy professionals and with other drugs by 13.3% in the questionnaire, while in the simulation, an oral rehydration solution alone was recommended by 15% and other drugs by 48.3%. Approximately 86.7% of the pharmacy professionals did not give any dietary advice, and 50% did not counsel the simulated client on the recommended drug. Conclusion The community pharmacy professionals in the study did not ask enough questions to evaluate a child suffering from acute diarrhea appropriately in the simulation. More questions were asked in the questionnaire; however, the difference is not significant. Additionally, they did not provide proper dietary advice, and their recommendation of an oral rehydration solution was insufficient.

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Self-reported and the actual involvement of community pharmacy professionals in the management of acute childhood diarrhea in Jazan Province, Saudi Arabia: Simulated patient visits and survey study

Cited by 3 publications

References 36 publications

Healthcare professionals' awareness, attitudes and practices towards pharmacovigilance and spontaneous adverse drug reaction reporting in Jazan Province, Saudi Arabia: A survey study

Healthcare professionals' awareness, attitudes and practices towards pharmacovigilance and spontaneous adverse drug reaction reporting in Jazan Province, Saudi Arabia: A survey study

Managing infectious diarrhea among young children in community pharmacies in Saudi Arabia and the implications for AMR

Community Pharmacy Professionals’ Knowledge and Counseling Skills for the Treatment of Acute Diarrhea in Children in Qassim Region, Saudi Arabia: Questionnaire Based and Simulated Client Study

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