In conventional 3D printing, the layer-by-layer approach leads to
mechanical weaknesses, particularly in the vertical tensile strength
(Z-axis) and the shear resistance between layers. To address this, our
study introduces a novel non-planar toolpath planning framework for
3-axis printers, named WeaveX, inspired by nature. This method
involves moving the nozzle in the XY plane while periodically adjusting
its height in the Z-axis, enhancing interlayer bonding and shear
resistance. We developed two distinct toolpath designs: Scheme 1, which
varies layer thickness, and Scheme 2, which maintains a consistent layer
thickness. These designs were closely examined to understand their
impact on toolpath width and layer thickness, considering various
parameters. Both schemes resulted in “dumbbell”-shaped toolpath
geometries, a characteristic that can be lessened by reducing print
speed. Mechanical tests revealed that objects printed using these
schemes significantly outperform traditional planar toolpath methods in
terms of mechanical strength, showing improvements of 31.9% and 67.5%
in interlayer shear resistance. Notably, these new strategies can be
combined with each other or with conventional methods, broadening their
potential applications.