SEM studies on blood cells of Plasmodium berghei infected Balb/c mice treated with artesunate and homeopathic medicine China

Rajan, Aswathy; Bagai, Upma

doi:10.1007/s12639-011-0059-y

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…During intraerythrocytic cycle after malaria infection, iRBCs underwent significant structural and biochemical modification. The modifications in the internal and membrane structures of iRBCs caused by invasion of malaria parasites were represented by morphological alterations of RBCs . Hb concentration in RBC cytoplasm decreases because Hb is digested by malaria parasites and is converted into hemozoin as a byproduct.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Machine learning‐based in‐line holographic sensing of unstained malaria‐infected red blood cells

Kim

Byeon

et al. 2018

Journal of Biophotonics

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Accurate and immediate diagnosis of malaria is important for medication of the infectious disease. Conventional methods for diagnosing malaria are time consuming and rely on the skill of experts. Therefore, an automatic and simple diagnostic modality is essential for healthcare in developing countries that lack the expertise of trained microscopists. In the present study, a new automatic sensing method using digital in-line holographic microscopy (DIHM) combined with machine learning algorithms was proposed to sensitively detect unstained malaria-infected red blood cells (iRBCs). To identify the RBC characteristics, 13 descriptors were extracted from segmented holograms of individual RBCs. Among the 13 descriptors, 10 features were highly statistically different between healthy RBCs (hRBCs) and iRBCs. Six machine learning algorithms were applied to effectively combine the dominant features and to greatly improve the diagnostic capacity of the present method. Among the classification models trained by the 6 tested algorithms, the model trained by the support vector machine (SVM) showed the best accuracy in separating hRBCs and iRBCs for training (n = 280, 96.78%) and testing sets (n = 120, 97.50%). This DIHM-based artificial intelligence methodology is simple and does not require blood staining. Thus, it will be beneficial and valuable in the diagnosis of malaria.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Machine learning‐based in‐line holographic sensing of unstained malaria‐infected red blood cells

Kim

Byeon

et al. 2018

Journal of Biophotonics

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“…It was confirmed that china 30 potency in monotherapy was capable of complete clearance of parasite with survival of mice up to 1 month follow up period. In earlier studies, monotherapy of china / was also reported to have statistically extremely significant effect on the reduction of P. berghei infection in BALB/c mice (Rajan and Bagai 2011). China is also recommended in homeopathic medical repertories against recurring, relapsing and intermittent type of malaria (Robert et al 2001;Kent 1989).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The drug completely cleared the infection when it was given in combination with standard antimalarial artesunate (100 mg/Kg). Both the monotherapy and combination were reported to be safe on the host's blood cells (Rajan and Bagai 2011). The homeopathic medicines can recondition entire human body through life force and by stimulating the natural defense mechanism.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of artesunate based combination therapy with homeopathic medicine china on liver and kidney of Plasmodium berghei infected mice

2012

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Present study has been undertaken to evaluate antimalarial potential and safety of artesunate based combination therapy with homeopathic medicine china (ϕ/30 potency) against Plasmodium berghei (NK-65), a lethal rodent malaria parasite. In combination therapy, the oral administration of artesunate (100 mg/kg) + china ϕ/30 proved to be highly efficacious as it completely cleared the blood stage infection. During the follow up period up to day 28, no recrudescence was observed and the survival rate was 100 %. Combination did not disturb the normal functioning of liver and kidney, as evident from the normal activity of ALP (190.5 ± 0.2 and 174.2 ± 9.12 IU/l), level of bilirubin (0.6 ± 0.33 and 0.73 ± 0.1 mg/dl), urea (28 ± 0.51 and 29.1 ± 0.03 mg/dl) and creatinine (0.9 ± 0.62 and 1.1 ± 0.1 mg/dl) in serum of treated mice on day 7 and 28 respectively. Present study points to better efficacy of china as an alternative drug partner in combination to enhance antimalarial efficacy of artesunate without affecting the liver and kidney functions of P. berghei infected BALB/c mice.

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“…30 C) to combat rodent malaria parasite in P. berghei. This treatment cleared the parasite from circulation and increased survival rate (26.8 ± 1.2 days) of mice [1]. Chin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Genotoxic Effects of Potentized Homeopathic Medicines on Plasmodium Berghei

Rajan¹,

Ravich²,

Bagai³

2017

J Infect Dis Preve Med

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Homeopathic drugs have been evaluated for their suitable candidature as potent antimalarials. However, the exact mode of action, of these homeopathic remedies still remains a matter of conjecture. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of potentized homeopathic antimalarials on the integrity of the DNA of Plasmodium berghei (ANKA strain), in erythrocytes of Swiss albino mice. Short term in vitro culture of P. berghei was done with 50 µl of homeopathic medicines i.e. china (Chin.), chelidonium (Chel.), arsenicum album (Ars.alb.) and malaria officinalis (Mal.off.). The treated cells were passed through comet assay using ethidium bromide staining. The extent of DNA damage was expressed in terms of % head-DNA, % tail DNA, tail length and Olive tail moment. DNA damage was analysed in CASP software. Present study revealed that the 30 C potency of above medicines are capable of causing considerable DNA damage in the parasite. Maximum damage was observed in Ars. 30 C (16.4 ± 1.6 % tail DNA) followed by Chin 30 C (13.3 ± 0.7% tail DNA). DNA damage was significantly very less in Mal off. 30 C (2.6 ± 2.0% tail DNA) and Chel. 30 C (2.39 ± 0.4% tail DNA). Although, the exact mode of action of these remedies still remains doubtful. It is hypothesized that certain genes are responsible for the therapeutic activity of homeopathic remedies. From the study we conclude that even highly diluted homeopathic medicines disturbs the integrity of DNA. Further studies are required to confirm the role of specific genes and their expression to know the exact mechanism of ultra-high diluted drugs.

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SEM studies on blood cells of Plasmodium berghei infected Balb/c mice treated with artesunate and homeopathic medicine China

Cited by 8 publications

References 11 publications

Machine learning‐based in‐line holographic sensing of unstained malaria‐infected red blood cells

Machine learning‐based in‐line holographic sensing of unstained malaria‐infected red blood cells

Effect of artesunate based combination therapy with homeopathic medicine china on liver and kidney of Plasmodium berghei infected mice

Genotoxic Effects of Potentized Homeopathic Medicines on Plasmodium Berghei

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