SEM study of ultrastructural changes in branchial architecture of Ctenopharyngodon idella (Cuvier & Valenciennes) exposed to chlorpyrifos

Abstract

We evaluated structural modifications in the branchial architecture of grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella, chronically exposed to chlorpyrifos (an organophosphate) using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Static renewal tests were conducted for 96 h to determine the LC 50 of chlorpyrifos to the fish. Physicochemical analysis of water was done using standard methods. To assess the effect of chronic toxicity, fish were exposed to two sublethal concentrations (1.44 µg/L and 2.41 µg/L) of chlorpyrifos for 15, 30 and 60 days, after which gills were examined by SEM, which revealed changes in gill ultrastructure. Branchial alterations included distorted secondary lamellae in the form of curling and shortening, erosion in a few primary filaments and a wrinkled and denuded epithelial surface. Excessive mucosal openings (mucoid hyperplasia) on the surface were observed in the gills of fish exposed to both concentrations of chlorpyrifos. Alteration in the microridge pattern of pavement cells and cracks on the gill rakers were also observed, and the intensity of the damage was found to be directly related to the toxicant concentration and exposure period. The present study revealed that the assessment of surface morphology can serve as a novel bioindicator of pollution, disease and toxicity.

Histopathological Alterations of the Gill, Liver and Idney of the Fish Catla Catla (Hamilton) Exposed to Dichlorvos 76% Ec (Nuvan)

“…Mandeep Kaur and Rajendra Jindal (2016) in the fish Ctenopharyngodon idella due to chlorpyrifos, Sadia Sharmin et al (2016) in the fish Cyprinus carpio due to Malathion exposure, Hasan Kaya et al (2014 & 2013) in the same fish due to phosalone exposure, Nidhi Srivastava et al (2014) in the fish Cirrhinus mrigala exposed to Nuvan and Velumurugan (2009) in the same fish were also earlier reported which showed alterations in the gills.…”

Toxicity induced alterations as biomarker of environmental pollution

“…Present dye seems to be abrasive in nature as it promoted necrosis, mucous cell openings and copious mucous secretion in a dose dependent manner (Kaur and Jindal, 2016). The dose dependent increase in extrusion of mucus may have been to facilitate respiration in the dye exposed fish as mucous decreases the co-efficient of drag for water flow across the gills, reduces the resistance of gill and plays a role in ion exchange and water balance under stress (Shephard, 1994;Macirella and Brunelli, 2017).…”

Histopathological Effect of Pesticide Cypermethrin Toxicity on Liver and Gill of Freshwater Fish, Oreochromis Mossambicus (Tilapia)

“…The results of Histopathological findings in gills of present work supported by Cengiz, [14] in gills of common carp were uplifting of epithelial cells and necrosis of primary gill lamellae in deltamethrin exposed fish. Mandeep Kaur and Rajendar Jindal [15] evaluated changes such as excess mucous secretion, degenerated epithelial cell surface, curved secondary lamellae, in grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella exposed to chlorpyrifos. The present work also Coincides with the work of Deepasree M.I.…”