Semi‐preparative high‐speed counter‐current chromatography separation of alkaloids from embryo of the seed of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn by pH‐gradient elution

Abstract

A new high-speed counter-current chromatography method for semi-preparative separation and purification of alkaloids from embryo of the seed of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn was developed by using pH-gradient elution mode. Diethyl ether was used as the stationary phase of the two-phase solvent system and Na(2)HPO(4)/NaH(2)PO(4) buffer solution with pH values of 7.5 and 7.2 in gradient mode as the mobile phase. Consequently, 33 mg of liensinine, 42 mg of isoliensinine, and 67 mg of neferine were obtained from 200 mg of crude extracts. The purities of them were all over 98% as determined by HPLC area normalization method, and the structures were identified by (1)H-NMR and (13)C-NMR.

Liensinine inhibited gastric cancer cell growth through ROS generation and the PI3K/AKT pathway

“…Researchers found that liensinine can be used for treatment of arrhythmias, hypertension, pulmonary fibrosis and cancer. It was reported that liensinine could antagonize ventricular arrhythmias by blocking Ca2+ and Na+ influx6. Moreover, liensinine could block the binding of E2F1 at the transcription factor binding site of the FGFR2 promoter region and inhibit FGFR2 gene expression7.…”

Countercurrent Separation of Natural Products: An Update

“…The chromatogram resembles the classical CCS Gaussian elution peaks rather than pH-zone-refining signature square peaks. 195 …”

Current Advances in the Metabolomics Study on Lotus Seeds

“…shared by animals and microorganisms, plant secondary metabolites have protective potential and health-promoting benefits that range from the stimulation of antioxidative mechanisms to a reduced risk of cancer incidence and cardiovascular disease ( Schreiner et al, 2012 ). Previous studies have shown that lotus seeds are rich in flavonoids and alkaloids ( Mukherjee et al, 2009 ; Duanmu et al, 2010 ; Li et al, 2014 ). Among them, flavonoids, a large group of almost 6000 secondary plant metabolites, are the most numerous of naturally occurring phenolic compounds, sharing a common carbon skeleton of two benzene rings (ring A and B), joined by a 3-carbon bridge (C 6 -C 3 -C 6 ; Peluso et al, 2015 ).…”

“… Wu et al (2004) analyzed three alkaloids (liensinine, isoliensinine, and neferine) from lotus seed embryos by counter-current chromatography using two types of two-phase solvent systems. Duanmu et al (2010) also analyzed three alkaloids from lotus seed embryos by high-speed counter-current chromatography method using pH-gradient elution mode. Zhu et al (2011) firstly applied micellar electrokinetic chromatography to quantitatively analyze three alkaloids (liensinine, isoliensinine, and neferine) in lotus seeds embryos.…”

“…Undoubtedly, the most popular extraction method is solvent extraction ( Kim and Verpoorte, 2010 ). Flavonoids and alkaloids are the major second metabolites in lotus seeds, and specific extraction procedure should be chosen for the targeted analysis of these metabolites ( Duanmu et al, 2010 ; Li et al, 2014 ). Flavonoids are commonly extracted from plant-based food with methanol, ethanol, water or their combination, but in some cases these solvents are acidified ( Naczk and Shahidi, 2004 ).…”