Seminal Cell-Free DNA Test for the Management of Male Infertility

Abstract

The use of extracellular or circulating nucleic acids (Cfs), as a diagnostic or prognostic tool in oncology, has been broadly documented. However, their use in gynecology-obstetrics as non-invasive biomarkers in the management of infertility has become a recurring fact. The circulating nucleic acids are constituted by: free DNA which can be long or short DNA strands resulting from the apoptotic or necrotic processes, the free RNA containing: micro-RNAs (miRNAs) which are short single-stranded ribonucleic acids (RNA) that are able to deter the production of protein from a gene, Piwi-interacting RNAs (PiRNAs) that are small RNAs expressed in germ cells or even early embryos and small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) that are small RNAs that can bind specifically to a messenger RNA sequence and prevent gene expression by cleaving that RNA. The presence of circulating nucleic acids in many biological fluids such as: urine, seminal plasma and serum, the fact that they are easy to detect, the variation of their level according to the physiopathological conditions of the body and their implication in many biological processes such as folliculogenesis, steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis make nucleic acids circulating important biomarkers of interest in the management of male infertility. They compose a real complementary help for practitioners of medically assisted procreation. As a result, circulating nucleic acids are a promising avenue in the prevention of implantation failures. In this article, we will seek to affirm further, their importance in the management of male infertility, by highlighting their different uses.