Semiochemical diversity diverts bark beetle attacks from Norway spruce edges

Schiebe, Christian; Blaženec, Miroslav; Jakuš, Rastislav; Unelius, C. Rikard; Schlyter, Fredrik

doi:10.1111/j.1439-0418.2011.01624.x

Cited by 49 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…A similar approach could be implemented with the release of MeSa with the aim of preventing attacks of PPM in pine stands. Interestingly, a study of parallel design on the bark beetle Ips typographus with NHV dispensers (Schiebe et al 2011) yielded similar results as our third experiment on the habitat scale. The slope calculated by Schiebe et al (201), as a standardized regression coefficient, for the dose-response of number of dispensers versus trees killed by the bark beetle was b = -0.60 (their corresponding Hedges's d value 0.98), which is lower than our value of b = -0.79 (Hedges's d = 1.55) for the reduction of nests in response to increased dose of MeSa.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

“…Based on these results, the bark beetle NHV signal would appear to be somewhat less efficient. The medium dose of Schiebe et al (2011), which was a blend, was released at higher rates (approx. 7 mg day -1 m -1 of forest edge), than our medium dose of the single MeSa molecule (approx.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As dependent variable we used the proportion (p) of total male catches per pair of treated and control zone; in a similar manner, we calculated the proportion of total infested trees (presence of at least one larval nest) related to each pair of zones, transformed as arcsin p 0.5 . In this trial, both experimental design and data analysis were in principle identical to our study on Ips typographus infestation at Picea abies stand edges (Schiebe et al 2011).…”

Section: Statistical Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Non-host volatiles mediate associational resistance to the pine processionary moth

et al. 2011

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An increasing body of evidence indicates that the association between different plant species may lead to a reduction in insect herbivory, i.e. associational resistance. This might be due to a top-down regulation of herbivores by increased numbers of natural enemies or to a disruptive bottom-up influence of lower host plant accessibility. In particular, the richer plant communities release more diverse plant odours that may disturb olfactory-guided host choice and mating behaviour of insect herbivores, i.e. the "semiochemical diversity hypothesis". However, this hypothesis has been rarely tested experimentally in natural habitats, notably forest ecosystems. We tested the effects of non-host volatiles (NHV) on mate and host location by the pine processionary moth (PPM) at the scale of individual pine trees with branches of non-host tree (birch) at their base. Pheromone trap catches and the numbers of larval nests were both reduced by non-host presence under treated pine trees, confirming an associational resistance mediated by NHV. In both males and females, the antenna could detect several birch volatiles, including methyl salicylate (MeSa). MeSa inhibited the attraction of the PPM male to pheromone traps, as did bark and leaf chips from birch trees. Our test of three doses of MeSa at the habitat scale (50 m forest edges) showed that the reduction in the numbers of male PPM captured in traps and in larval nests was MeSa dose-dependent. These results show that odours released by deciduous non-host trees can reduce herbivory by a forest defoliator in conifers, providing support to the "semiochemical diversity hypothesis" as a mechanism of associational resistance.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Statistical Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Non-host volatiles mediate associational resistance to the pine processionary moth

et al. 2011

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“…Numerous individual nonhost volatiles have been identified and shown to inhibit coniferophagous bark beetle responses to traps baited with attractant pheromones and/or host kairomones (e.g., Dickens et al, 1992;Huber and Borden, 2003;summarized in Zhang and Schlyter, 2004;Zhang et al, 2007;Dodds and Miller, 2010;Fettig et al, 2012). Furthermore, nonhost volatiles have been used with some success to protect individual trees from bark beetle attacks Jakuš et al, 2003;Fettig et al, 2009;Schiebe et al, 2011;Schlyter, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Southern Pine Beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis, Antennal and Behavioral Responses to Nonhost Leaf and Bark Volatiles

Shepherd

Sullivan

2013

J Chem Ecol

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A growing body of evidence suggests that bark beetles detect and avoid release points of volatile compounds associated with nonhost species, and thus such nonhost volatiles may have potential utility in the management of bark beetles. We used a coupled gas chromatograph-electroantennographic detector (GC-EAD) to assay the olfactory sensitivity of the southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann, to volatiles from leaves and bark of eight species of nonhost angiosperm trees that are common in the range of D. frontalis. Tree species sampled were red maple (Acer rubrum L.), mockernut hickory [Carya alba (L.) Nutt. ex Ell.], sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua L.), black tupelo (Nyssa sylvatica Marsh.), black cherry (Prunus serotina Ehrh.), southern red oak (Quercus falcata Michx.), blackjack oak [Quercus marilandica (L.) Muenchh.], and water oak (Quercus nigra L.). Beetle antennae responded to a total of 28 identifiable compounds in these samples. The relative olfactory responsiveness to 14 of these, as well as to nonanoic acid and four additional volatiles reported to be associated with nonhost angiosperms, was assessed in GC-EAD analyses of synthetic dilutions spanning six orders of magnitude. The largest response voltage amplitudes were obtained with trans-conophthorin, nonanoic acid, terpinen-4-ol, phenylethyl alcohol, and eucalyptol, whereas the lowest response thresholds were to nonanoic acid, nonanal, linalool, (E)-2-hexen-1-ol, and phenylethyl alcohol. Funnel traps baited with various combinations of eleven antennally-active angiosperm volatiles along with a standard attractant captured significantly fewer male and female D. frontalis than traps baited with the standard attractant alone. Our data suggest that a diversity of semiochemicals may be involved in host species discrimination by D. frontalis, and several may have utility in their management.

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“…The knowledge gained during project Tatry on the anti-attractant and semiochemical diversity effects of NHV (Zhang & Schlyter 2003, 2004) is now being put into practice for forest protection (Jakuš et al 2003b, Jactel et al 2011, Schiebe et al 2011. The results from GIS and remote sensing application were used for decision making in NP Tatry (Schlyter 2001, Grodzki et al 2006 and NP Sumava (Turčáni et al 2008).…”

Section: Practical Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Landscape-scale Ips typographus attack dynamics: from monitoring plots to GIS-based disturbance models

Jakuš¹,

Zajı́čková²,

Cudlín³

et al. 2011

iForest

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In natural spruce stands, a change of generation is usually initiated by wind or bark beetle disturbances. We combined semi-temporary monitoring plots, remote sensing, and GIS in order to understand and model these processes. Sub plots, called “active”, were located in areas with a high probability of bark beetle or wind disturbances. The optimal location of these plots is usually at an active forest edge, i.e., the zone of maximal change in bark beetle abundance over time, corresponding to the border between wind-damaged or bark beetle-attacked parts and undisturbed parts of a forest stand. The key variable investigated was tree mortality caused by bark beetles. Other variables were similar to those recorded in traditional forest monitoring. Tree defense indicators (resin flow, phenolic compounds) and reaction of a tree to bark beetle inoculation were measured. Terrestrial data were then combined with remote sensing data. Time series of satellite images were analyzed in order to define the pattern of wind and bark beetle damages. Weather monitoring data were used for predicting bark beetle and water stress development. All of the information was integrated in a GIS-based system and future bark beetle infestations were predicted. In this paper, we review previous studies and conclude that: (1) the hypotheses of habitat selection (non-host volatiles and semiochemical diversity) and location of moderately-stressed host trees are confirmed, although further work about olfactory orientation and host resistance is needed;(2) reactions of trees to bark beetle attack can be predicted by monitoring several parameters, e.g., air temperature and tree physiology; (3) data from ground monitoring can be integrated with GIS and remote sensing systems for bark beetle prognosis and management at the habitat and landscape levels

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Semiochemical diversity diverts bark beetle attacks from Norway spruce edges

Cited by 49 publications

References 31 publications

Non-host volatiles mediate associational resistance to the pine processionary moth

Non-host volatiles mediate associational resistance to the pine processionary moth

Southern Pine Beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis, Antennal and Behavioral Responses to Nonhost Leaf and Bark Volatiles

Landscape-scale Ips typographus attack dynamics: from monitoring plots to GIS-based disturbance models

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