Sensibilidad de 20 procedencias de pino y oyamel a los oxidantes fotoquímicos

Abstract


 
 
 El Parque Nacional Desierto de los Leones se localiza en la región central de la república mexicana y forma parte del sistema montañoso denominado Eje Neovolcánico Transversal, tiene una superficie de 1 523.95 ha y se ubica al suroeste de la Cuenca Atmosférica de la Ciudad de México, en el Distrito Federal. Ocho procedencias de oyamel (Abies religiosa) y 12 de pino (Pinus hartwegii) se plantaron en el Parque a tres altitudes diferentes (3 120, 3 245 y 3 370 m), por separado y con tres repeticiones aleatorizadas, en todos y cada uno de los sitios correspondientes a cada una. Se utilizó la escala de Miller para la evaluación de su sensibilidad a los oxidantes fotoquímicos. En la primera valoración en campo, los ejemplares de pino y oyamel no presentaron ningún tipo de daño foliar inducido por ozono troposférico; sin embargo, después de dos años consecutivos de seguimiento, la mayoría de ellos manifestó algún síntoma característico (moteado o bandeado clorótico), así como defoliación prematura. El índice de daño en el follaje de las 20 procedencias estudiadas y después del tiempo considerado confirmó que el ozono troposférico afectó la coloración y la retención del follaje tanto de P. hartwegii como de A. religiosa, independientemente del sitio de plantación de cada especie, así como entre y dentro de las tres altitudes.
 
 

Histologic, metabolomic, and transcriptomic differences in fir trees from a peri‐urban forest under chronic ozone exposure

“…Comparing the genetic ancestry of our focus trees with other populations allowed us to confidently assign them to the previously reported central‐Mexican genetic cluster (Giles‐Pérez et al., 2022 ; Figure 3b ). This is important given that various reforestation efforts with foreign germplasm have been performed in the study zone and that some provenances have shown differential sensitivity to O 3 (Hernández‐Tejeda & Benavides‐Meza, 2015 ). Given that reforested trees have still not reached reproductive maturity, O 3 tolerance at the study site is the likely product of local processes, based on either plasticity or standing genetic variation (see below).…”

“…Reforestation efforts in the study zone have involved germplasm from foreign provenances (Hernández‐Tejeda & Benavides‐Meza, 2015 ). To verify that sampled plants originated locally, from natural regeneration, we employed previously published SNP data for 318 individuals from 19 populations of A. religiosa distributed across its natural range (Giles‐Pérez et al., 2022 ).…”

“…Damage becomes visible in 1‐year‐old needles, which die after the third year of exposure. When compared to unpolluted areas of the species' range, such damage often leads to decreased vigor and increased susceptibility to several pests (Alvarado‐Rosales & Hernández‐Tejeda, 2002; Hernández‐Tejeda & Benavides‐Meza, 2015).…”

“…For instance, differential sensitivity to ozone has been documented between poplars from more polluted and less polluted areas in the USA, according to both common garden and field experiments (Berrang et al., 1991 ). Furthermore, differential foliar damage (related to O 3 exposure) has been observed among sacred fir ( Abies religiosa ) provenances in central Mexico (Hernández‐Tejeda & Benavides‐Meza, 2015 ).…”

Evaluating pollution‐related damage and restoration success in urban forests with participatory monitoring and digital tools

“…We used mobile devices and open‐source digital technology in a participatory forest survey to generate large amounts of high‐quality data for use in studying the effects of air pollution on a peri‐urban forest in PNDL. We sought to identify damage trends and their relationship with individual tree age and height and healthy adult trees (i.e., without the typical symptoms of ozone damage [Hernández‐Tejeda & Benavides‐Meza, 2015; Reyes‐Galindo, 2019]) that could serve as a germplasm source for forest restoration (Reyes‐Galindo, 2019). To do so, we determined how many putatively tolerant individuals existed, where they were located, and what percentage of naturally regenerated and replanted trees they represented.…”