Sensing technologies for detection of non-point source pollutants in rice paddy fields

Abstract

With increased input in agriculture, the excessive use of pesticides and fertilizers has caused various pollutions in farmland. Non-point source pollution in agriculture, especially in paddy fields, has been a serious threat to the health of water environment. Therefore, the rapid detection and analysis of important pollutants in the paddy water environment is of great significance for controlling agricultural non-point source pollution and avoiding the occurrence of large-scale water pollution disasters in the future. Based on the detection method of non-point source pollutants in rice fields, this paper introduces the pollution and harm caused by eutrophication of water body, nitrate pollution of groundwater, organochlorine and organophosphorus pesticide residues. The advantages and disadvantages of the above four pollutants detection methods and their application status in rapid, on-line detection or satellite remote sensing monitoring are summarized, and future research is prospected. The detection methods of non-point source pollutants in the paddy water environment can solve the problem of detecting substances well, but they all need to be sampled back to the laboratory, and the timeliness is poor, which cannot meet the requirements of fast real-time. For some of the on-site inspection instruments, their volume and portability are currently problems to be solved. To solve the problem of online or rapid detection of non-point source pollutants in rice water environment, we need to start from the following four aspects: strengthen fast online real-time monitoring technology, develop water pollutant detection sensors, research wireless sensor network technology and combine UAV airborne remote sensing technology. In the future, strengthening the research of online real-time detection technology will provide a theoretical basis for the online, rapid and accurate determination of pollutants in rice fields and the development of related rapid detection instruments.