Sensing their plasma membrane curvature allows migrating cells to circumvent obstacles

Sitarska, E; Almeida, Silvia Dias; Beckwith, Marianne Sandvold; Stopp, Julian; Schwab, Yannick; Sixt, Michael; Kreshuk, Anna; Erzberger, Anna; Diz-Muñoz, Alba

doi:10.1101/2021.03.26.437199

Cited by 7 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…5Aii). The texture of these clusters seems similar to the membrane ruffles observed in [20] behind the leading edge of motile cells. In this work, the ruffles were attributed to the interaction between concave and convex membrane proteins, that are also involved in the recruitment of the actin polymerization.…”

Section: Multiple Curvaturesupporting

confidence: 63%

“…Our mixtures of CMC of opposite curvatures (Figs. 4C,5) gives rise to membrane shapes that resemble in their texture the ruffles observed in cells [20]. In addition, we find that when the passive concave component is highly curved, we observe a phase separation within the CMC clusters, whereby the concave CMC forms an internalized spherical invagination.…”

Section: Membrane Shapes Driven By Mixtures Of Passive Concave and Ac...mentioning

confidence: 52%

“…S4). Regarding the comparison with the experiments [20], we conclude from the model that the ruffle texture of the CMC clusters does not crucially depend on the inhibitory interaction between the two CMC types, but rather on their spontaneous curvatures and binding interaction.…”

Section: Multiple Curvaturementioning

confidence: 70%

“…In addition, we implement optional models of inhibition of the force on the CMC by neighbors, based on [20] which shows different protein species can inhibit the activity of polymerization, inhibiting the actin recruitment and thus force on the CMCs. We implement a proportional inhibition, where an active (1) and inhibiting (2) CMC species exist…”

Section: The Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this work, the ruffles were attributed to the interaction between concave and convex membrane proteins, that are also involved in the recruitment of the actin polymerization. It was furthermore proposed in [20] that the pattern of ruffles observed in these cells is determined by the interaction between a concave membrane protein that inhibits the actin polymerization, which is recruited by the convex CMC. Motivated by this proposed mechanism, we explored the resulting shapes of the vesicle and CMC clusters when the concave CMCs inhibit the active force exerted by the convex CMCs.…”

Section: Multiple Curvaturementioning

confidence: 99%

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Theoretical model of membrane protrusions driven by curved active proteins

Ravid

Penič

Mimori-Kiyosue

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Eukaryotic cells intrinsically change their shape, by changing the composition of their membrane and by restructuring their underlying cytoskeleton. We present here further studies and extensions of a minimal physical model, describing a closed vesicle with mobile curved membrane protein complexes. The cytoskeletal forces describe the protrusive force due to actin polymerization which is recruited to the membrane by the curved protein complexes. We characterize the phase diagrams of this model, as function of the magnitude of the active forces, nearest-neighbor protein interactions and the proteins spontaneous curvature. It was previously shown that this model can explain the formation of lamellipodia-like flat protrusions, and here we explore the regimes where the model can also give rise to filopodia-like tubular protrusions. We extend the simulation with curved components of both convex and concave species, where we find the formation of complex ruffled clusters, as well as internalized invaginations that resemble the process of endocytosis and macropinocytosis. We alter the force model representing the cytoskeleton to simulate the effects of bundled instead of branched structure, resulting in shapes which resemble filopodia.

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Section: Multiple Curvaturesupporting

confidence: 63%

Section: Membrane Shapes Driven By Mixtures Of Passive Concave and Ac...mentioning

confidence: 52%

Section: Multiple Curvaturementioning

confidence: 70%

Section: The Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Multiple Curvaturementioning

confidence: 99%

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Theoretical model of membrane protrusions driven by curved active proteins

Ravid

Penič

Mimori-Kiyosue

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Curvature in Biological Systems: Its Quantification, Emergence, and Implications across the Scales

et al. 2023

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Surface curvature both emerges from, and influences the behavior of, living objects at length scales ranging from cell membranes to single cells to tissues and organs. The relevance of surface curvature in biology has been supported by numerous recent experimental and theoretical investigations in recent years. In this review, we first give a brief introduction to the key ideas of surface curvature in the context of biological systems and discuss the challenges that arise when measuring surface curvature. Giving an overview of the emergence of curvature in biological systems, its significance at different length scales becomes apparent. On the other hand, summarizing current findings also shows that both single cells and entire cell sheets, tissues or organisms respond to curvature by modulating their shape and their migration behavior. Finally, we address the interplay between the distribution of morphogens or micro-organisms and the emergence of curvature across length scales with examples demonstrating these key mechanistic principles of morphogenesis. Overall, this review highlights that curved interfaces are not merely a passive by-product of the chemical, biological and mechanical processes but that curvature acts also as a signal that co-determines these processes.

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Quantifying the Probing and Selection of Microenvironmental Pores by Motile Immune Cells

Kroll¹,

Ruiz‐Fernandez²,

Braun³

et al. 2022

Current Protocols

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Immune cells are constantly on the move through multicellular organisms to explore and respond to pathogens and other harmful insults. While moving, immune cells efficiently traverse microenvironments composed of tissue cells and extracellular fibers, which together form complex environments of various porosity, stiffness, topography, and chemical composition. In this protocol we describe experimental procedures to investigate immune cell migration through microenvironments of heterogeneous porosity. In particular, we describe micro‐channels, micro‐pillars, and collagen networks as cell migration paths with alternative pore size choices. Employing micro‐channels or micro‐pillars that divide at junctions into alternative paths with initially differentially sized pores allows us to precisely (1) measure the cellular translocation time through these porous path junctions, (2) quantify the cellular preference for individual pore sizes, and (3) image cellular components like the nucleus and the cytoskeleton. This reductionistic experimental setup thus can elucidate how immune cells perform decisions in complex microenvironments of various porosity like the interstitium. The setup further allows investigation of the underlying forces of cellular squeezing and the consequences of cellular deformation on the integrity of the cell and its organelles. As a complementary approach that does not require any micro‐engineering expertise, we describe the usage of three‐dimensional collagen networks with different pore sizes. Whereas we here focus on dendritic cells as a model for motile immune cells, the described protocols are versatile as they are also applicable for other immune cell types like neutrophils and non‐immune cell types such as mesenchymal and cancer cells. In summary, we here describe protocols to identify the mechanisms and principles of cellular probing, decision making, and squeezing during cellular movement through microenvironments of heterogeneous porosity. © 2022 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Immune cell migration in micro‐channels and micro‐pillars with defined pore sizes Support Protocol 1: Epoxy replica of generated and/or published micro‐structures Support Protocol 2: Dendritic cell differentiation Basic Protocol 2: Immune cell migration in 3D collagen networks of variable pore sizes

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Sensing their plasma membrane curvature allows migrating cells to circumvent obstacles

Cited by 7 publications

References 81 publications

Theoretical model of membrane protrusions driven by curved active proteins

Theoretical model of membrane protrusions driven by curved active proteins

Curvature in Biological Systems: Its Quantification, Emergence, and Implications across the Scales

Quantifying the Probing and Selection of Microenvironmental Pores by Motile Immune Cells

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