Sensitive and specific colorimetric ELISAs for Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxins A and B in urine and buffer

Evaluation of recombinant SEA-TSST fusion toxoid for protection against superantigen induced toxicity in mouse model

“…This failure is largely due to the multiple arrays of virulence factors secreted by the organism, evasion of the host's immune system and leukolytic toxins which lyse the phagocytic cells (Roy Chowdhury et al, 2013;Otto, 2010). Staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) and toxic shock syndrome toxin (TSST) are the Pyrogenic Toxin Super Antigens (PTSAs) responsible for toxic shock syndrome in deep tissues and vaginal tissues respectively (Poli et al, 2002). SEs constitutes a family of more than 15 proteins (26e28 kDa) with a typical disulphide loop having significant homology at structural and sequence levels and contributes to emetic activity.…”

A quantitative electrochemiluminescence assay for Clostridium perfringens alpha toxin

“…Thus, a rapid assay with a limit of detection in the low-ng/ ml range would prove useful in early diagnosis of C. perfringens toxemia. We have successfully implemented direct capture sandwich assays [22][23][24][25] and electrochemiluminescence (ECL) assays for other toxins [26,27]. We report here a rapid ECL capture immunoassay capable of detecting C. perfringens alpha toxin in a direct and dose-dependent manner in buVer, serum, and urine at a sensitivity of 1.1 ng/ ml toxin.…”

Detection of staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA) at picogram level by a capacitive immunosensor

“…These include chromatography, mainly liquid chromatography with various detectors, [2,4,5] radioimmunoassay, [6] and enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). [7] These methods are relatively sensitive with a limit of detection in the range of µg L −1 . However, liquid chromatography requires sample pretreatment steps, that increase the time for analysis, while radioimmunoassay is undesirable because of the use of radioactive materials.…”