Sensitive Anodic Stripping Voltammetric Copper Ions Determination Performed in Double Deposition and Double Stripping Steps System for Real Water Samples Analysis

Abstract

The article reports on utilization of double deposition and stripping steps for increasing sensitivity of Cu(II) determination by anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV) at two lead film working electrodes. A significant preconcentration of copper was achieved thanks to utilization of a simple design of four electrodes system that gives possibility to perform one measurement cycle consisting of two deposition and two stripping steps. Due to the fact that deposition step is doubled, the concentration of Pb(II) needed to lead film electrodes formation was significantly reduced as compared to traditional procedures using three electrodes system. The analytical procedure of Cu(II) determination was optimized. The experimental factors: supporting electrolyte's pH and its concentration, lead ions concentration, potential and time of deposition at both working electrodes were studied. The Cu(II) peak current was linearly dependent on its concentration from 5×10−10 to 2×10−8 mol L−1 (deposition time of 270 and 160 s at the first and the second working electrode, respectively). The obtained detection limit for copper ions determination was 2.1×10−10 mol L−1. The described procedure was validated by analysis of two water certified reference materials. The described procedure was also utilized for real water sample analysis.

Double deposition/accumulation and double stripping steps system as a new way of decreasing the detection limit and elimination of interferences in stripping voltammetry of inorganic ions: A review

“…lowering the detection limit of analytical procedures as compared to the values obtained in a traditional three electrodes system [39–49];…”

“…(i) lowering the detection limit of analytical procedures as compared to the values obtained in a traditional three electrodes system [39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49]; (ii) an increase of determinations selectivity thanks to the appropriate selection of the first deposition/accumulation conditions and/or the first stripping potential from the first working electrode [42,43,45,46].…”

“…The subject of this article is reviewing the results of research concerning the utilization of double deposition/ accumulation and stripping steps as a new way of lowering the detection limit and increase the selectivity of determination of selected ions: (Pb(II), Cd(II), Tl(I), U-(VI), Au(III), As(III), Se(IV), In(III), Co(II), Cu(II), Bi-(III) and Ga(III)) [39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49]. A significant decrease of the detection limits of the procedures of inorganic ions determination discussed below was obtained by omitting the additional step of preconcentration of the analyte outside the electrochemical cell before a proper analysis with the use of the environmentally friendly electrodes (or more environmentally friendly as compared to mercury ones).…”

“…In paper [25] an idea of double deposition and stripping steps similar to the abovementioned procedures [39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49] was utilized for Pb(II) and Cd(II) determination, however, in the mentioned protocol after the first deposition step a polarization of the first electrode was interrupted and then this electrode was quickly transferred to the another electrolytic cell of smaller sizes. During this transfer, the deposited metals had a contact with atmospheric air that might have resulted in a partial oxidation of deposited species.…”

Application of Double Deposition and Stripping Steps System for Minimization of Interferences of Peaks’ Overlapping in Anodic Stripping Voltammetry

“…In the present article, a new anodic stripping voltammetric procedure for Bi 3 + quantification based on utilization of double deposition and stripping step system presented before [12][13][14][15][16] is described. The present work is an interesting example of the possibility of elimination of copper interferences based on a simple instrumental solution by appropriate selection of the first stripping step conditions.…”