Sensitive optical thin film sensor based on incorporation of 2-(2′-hydroxynaphthylazo)-benzothiazole in a sol–gel matrix for detection of manganese(II) in environmental samples

An innovative approach in titanium determination based on incorporating 2-amino-4-((4-nitrophenyl)diazenyl)pyridine-3-ol in a PVC membrane

“…However, they may provide lower sensitivity compared to more sophisticated and expensive techniques. [34][35][36][37][38][39][40] Therefore, there is a need for increased research attention to develop accurate methods that combine selectivity and sensitivity for the determination of titanium concentration. By focusing on the development of such methods, researchers can address the existing limitations and pave the way for improved titanium analysis techniques.…”

Development of an innovative optical sensor to detect extremely low levels of chromium in real samples using colorimetric methods

“…Moreover, the theoretical basis of such optical membranes based on plasticized polyvinyl chloride (PVC) has been well established. [44][45][46][47] To design an optical chemical sensor, a sensitive layer comprising dye indicators such as porphyrin compounds is applied onto a polymer matrix such as PVC and cellulose acetate. 37,38 These polymers not only serve as solid supports for immobilizing indicator dyes, but also provide permeation selectivity for certain species while rejecting others.…”

“…Moreover, the theoretical basis of such optical membranes based on plasticized polyvinyl chloride (PVC) has been well established. 44–47…”

A modified selective optical sensor for selenium determination based on incorporating xylenol orange in a poly(vinyl chloride) membrane

“…43 Numerous sensors have been described in trace analyses of different analytes, including metal ions. 44–49…”