Sensitivity enhancement in lateral flow assays: a systems perspective

Bishop, Joshua D.; Hsieh, Helen; Gasperino, David; Weigl, Bernhard H.

doi:10.1039/c9lc00104b

Cited by 171 publications

(114 citation statements)

References 104 publications

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“…Selection of NC based on this capillary flow rate is a compromise between assay sensitivity and assay speed with mid-speed membranes (120-150 s/4 cm) offering advantages in both areas [27]. When detection speed is not a constraint, a membrane with a slower flow rate and smaller pore size increases the available binding time between the labeled antibody-analyte and the test line antibody which can result in increased assay sensitivity [27][28][29]. In order to speed up LFIAs, in combination with NC with a good flow rate, antibodies with fast association rates towards their target should be used.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Critical Comparison between Flow-through and Lateral Flow Immunoassay Formats for Visual and Smartphone-Based Multiplex Allergen Detection

2019

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(1) Background: The lack of globally standardized allergen labeling legislation necessitates consumer-focused multiplexed testing devices. These should be easy to operate, fast, sensitive and robust. (2) Methods: Herein, we describe the development of three different formats for multiplexed food allergen detection, namely active and passive flow-through assays, and lateral flow immunoassays with different test line configurations. (3) Results: The fastest assay time was 1 min, whereas even the slowest assay was within 10 min. With the passive flow approach, the limits of detection (LOD) of 0.1 and 0.5 ppm for total hazelnut protein (THP) and total peanut protein (TPP) in spiked buffer were reached, or 1 and 5 ppm of THP and TPP spiked into matrix. In comparison, the active flow approach reached LODs of 0.05 ppm for both analytes in buffer and 0.5 and 1 ppm of THP and TPP spiked into matrix. The optimized LFIA configuration reached LODs of 0.1 and 0.5 ppm of THP and TPP spiked into buffer or 0.5 ppm for both analytes spiked into matrix. The optimized LFIA was validated by testing in 20 different blank and spiked matrices. Using device-independent color space for smartphone analysis, two different smartphone models were used for the analysis of optimized assays.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Critical Comparison between Flow-through and Lateral Flow Immunoassay Formats for Visual and Smartphone-Based Multiplex Allergen Detection

2019

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“…Despite numerous advancements in colorimetric labels, including gold nanocages [1], nanotubes [2], carbon nanoparticles [3], and cellulose nanobeads [4], among others, the sensitivity, signal range, and quantifiability of colorimetric label based LFAs remain a challenge. The use of other optical labels such as fluorescent dyes [5,6] or luminescent nanoparticles [7,8] faces various challenges due to reagent complexity, cost, and reader complexity [9].…”

Section: Of 11mentioning

confidence: 99%

PCB-Based Magnetometer as a Platform for Quantification of Lateral-Flow Assays

Khodadadi

Chang

Trabuco

et al. 2019

Sensors

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This work presents a proof-of-concept demonstration of a novel inductive transducer, the femtoMag, that can be integrated with a lateral-flow assay (LFA) to provide detection and quantification of molecular biomarkers. The femtoMag transducer is manufactured using a low-cost printed circuit board (PCB) technology and can be controlled by relatively inexpensive electronics. It allows rapid high-precision quantification of the number (or amount) of superparamagnetic nanoparticle reporters along the length of an LFA test strip. It has a detection limit of 10−10 emu, which is equivalent to detecting 4 ng of superparamagnetic iron oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles. The femtoMag was used to quantify the hCG pregnancy hormone by quantifying the number of 200 nm magnetic reporters (superparamagnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles embedded into a polymer matrix) immuno-captured within the test line of the LFA strip. A sensitivity of 100 pg/mL has been demonstrated. Upon further design and control electronics improvements, the sensitivity is projected to be better than 10 pg/mL. Analysis suggests that an average of 109 hCG molecules are needed to specifically bind 107 nanoparticles in the test line. The ratio of the number of hCG molecules in the sample to the number of reporters in the test line increases monotonically from 20 to 500 as the hCG concentration increases from 0.1 ng/mL to 10 ng/mL. The low-cost easy-to-use femtoMag platform offers high-sensitivity/high-precision target analyte quantification and promises to bring state-of-the-art medical diagnostic tests to the point of care.

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“…Due to the increased number of controlled compounds in medical diagnostics, food safety and ecological monitoring, there is a need for multiplex test systems [6,7]. The location of several binding lines with reactants of different specificity is the best technological solution for multiplex ICA [8][9][10][11]. Such tests for 2-8 analytes are widely used to determine antibiotics in milk, mycotoxins in grain, etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of Multiplex Lateral Flow Tests: A Case Study for Simultaneous Detection of Three Antibiotics

et al. 2020

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The presented study is focused on the impact of binding zone location on immunochromatographic test strips on the analytical parameters of multiplex lateral flow assays. Due to non-equilibrium conditions for such assays the duration of immune reactions influences significantly the analytical parameters, and the integration of several analytes into one multiplex strip may cause an essential decrease of sensitivity. To choose the best location for binding zones, we have tested reactants for immunochromatographic assays of lincomycin, chloramphenicol, and tetracycline. The influence of the distance to the binding zones on the intensity of coloration and limit of detection (LOD) was rather different. Basing on the data obtained, the best order of binding zones was chosen. In comparison with non-optimal location the LODs were 5–10 fold improved. The final assay provides LODs 0.4, 0.4 and 1.0 ng/mL for lincomycin, chloramphenicol, and tetracycline, respectively. The proposed approach can be applied for multiplexed assays of other analytes.

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Sensitivity enhancement in lateral flow assays: a systems perspective

Abstract: This critical review organizes and evaluates state-of-the-art approaches to LFA sensitivity enhancement from a system-level perspective.

Cited by 171 publications

References 104 publications

A Critical Comparison between Flow-through and Lateral Flow Immunoassay Formats for Visual and Smartphone-Based Multiplex Allergen Detection

A Critical Comparison between Flow-through and Lateral Flow Immunoassay Formats for Visual and Smartphone-Based Multiplex Allergen Detection

PCB-Based Magnetometer as a Platform for Quantification of Lateral-Flow Assays

Design of Multiplex Lateral Flow Tests: A Case Study for Simultaneous Detection of Three Antibiotics

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