Sensitivity of ecological soil‐screening levels for metals to exposure model parameterization and toxicity reference values

Sample, Bradley E.; Fairbrother, Anne; Kaiser, Ashley L.; Law, Sheryl A.; Adams, Bill

doi:10.1002/etc.2675

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The European Union's environmental standard for Hg in prey tissue was developed directly from dietary concentrations in toxicity studies and does not account for differences in either ingestion rates or elimination rates. Sample et al found that dose estimation provided no improvement over dietary concentrations in reducing variation in copper toxicity values among species, for either birds or mammals. Although taxonomic similarities in sensitivity are expected, they were evident only when toxicity values were expressed on a dietary concentration basis and not on a dose basis .…”

Section: Literature Review Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicity reference values for methylmercury effects on avian reproduction: Critical review and analysis

Fuchsman

Brown

Henning

et al. 2016

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Effects of mercury (Hg) on birds have been studied extensively and with increasing frequency in recent years. The authors conducted a comprehensive review of methylmercury (MeHg) effects on bird reproduction, evaluating laboratory and field studies in which observed effects could be attributed primarily to Hg. The review focuses on exposures via diet and maternal transfer in which observed effects (or lack thereof) were reported relative to Hg concentrations in diet, eggs, or adult blood. Applicable data were identified for 23 species. From this data set, the authors identified ranges of toxicity reference values suitable for risk-assessment applications. Typical ranges of Hg effect thresholds are approximately 0.2 mg/kg to >1.4 mg/kg in diet, 0.05 mg/kg/d to 0.5 mg/kg/d on a dose basis, 0.6 mg/kg to 2.7 mg/kg in eggs, and 2.1 mg/kg to >6.7 mg/kg in parental blood (all concentrations on a wet wt basis). For Hg in avian blood, the review represents the first broad compilation of relevant toxicity data. For dietary exposures, the current data support TRVs that are greater than older, commonly used TRVs. The older diet-based TRVs incorporate conservative assumptions and uncertainty factors that are no longer justified, although they generally were appropriate when originally derived, because of past data limitations. The egg-based TRVs identified from the review are more similar to other previously derived TRVs but have been updated to incorporate new information from recent studies. While important research needs remain, a key recommendation is that species not yet tested for MeHg toxicity should be evaluated using toxicity data from tested species with similar body weights. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:294-319. # 2016 SETAC

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Section: Literature Review Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicity reference values for methylmercury effects on avian reproduction: Critical review and analysis

Fuchsman

Brown

Henning

et al. 2016

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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“…As noted by previous authors, NOAELs/ LOAELs have shortcomings because of limitations in study design or sample size and lack of attention to the full doseresponse curve or treatment group variability. Furthermore, in certain circumstances, the use of NOAELs/LOAELs may lead to inconsistent, problematic, or inappropriate TRVs to characterize risks (Allard et al 2010;Mayfield and Fairbrother 2013;Mayfield et al 2014;Sample et al 2014aSample et al , 2014b. Thus, performing dose-response analyses, when data are sufficient, is frequently recommended to reduce uncertainty in detailed (postscreening) risk assessments (US Environmental Protection Agency 1997, 1998Allard et al 2010;Landis and Chapman 2011;Mayfield et al 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Benchmark dose analysis framework for developing wildlife toxicity reference values

Mayfield

Skall

2018

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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The effects characterization phase of ecological risk assessments (ERAs) often includes the selection or development of toxicity reference values (TRVs) for chemicals under investigation. In wildlife risk assessments, TRVs are thresholds represented by a dose or concentration associated with a specified adverse response. Traditionally, a TRV may be derived from an estimate of the no-observed-adverse effect level or lowest-observed-adverse-effect level, identified from a controlled toxicity study. Because of the limitations of this approach, risk assessors are increasingly developing TRVs using alternative methods. Benchmark dose (BMD) analysis is widely recognized as one approach for developing TRVs. A BMD is derived using the full dose-response relationship from all experimental doses and may represent a user-specified response level (e.g., 5, 10, 20, or 50%). Although many regulatory programs consider the use of BMD-derived wildlife TRVs, there is limited guidance available for implementing the BMD approach, particularly for ERA. The present study provides a framework for ecological risk assessors to identify appropriate data, examine dose-response relationships, estimate BMDs, and document the results for use in risk analysis. This framework demonstrates the process of developing a TRV using BMD analysis and identifies applications for which this approach may enhance ERAs (e.g., site assessment, chemical or pesticide registration programs). Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:1496-1508. © 2018 SETAC.

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“…A sensitivity analysis of the parameterization of the Eco‐SSL model indicated that although the relative influence of model parameters varied widely among analytes, receptors, and parameters, the TRV consistently exerted the greatest influence on the final value of the Eco‐SSL (Sample, Fairbrother et al ). Beyer and Sample () also evaluated the implications of TRV selection on soil screening levels for 10 metals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revisiting the Avian Eco‐SSL for Lead: Recommendations for Revision

Sample¹,

Beyer

Wentsel³

2019

Integr Envir Assess & Manag

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The avian ecological soil screening level (Eco‐SSL) for Pb (11 mg/kg) is within soil background concentrations for >90% of the United States. Consequently, its utility as a soil screening level is limited. Site‐specific ecological risk–based remedial goals for Pb are frequently many times greater. Toxicity reference values (TRVs) play a major role in defining Eco‐SSLs. The Pb Eco‐SSL TRV is driven by reduced egg production in Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica), which displays effects at doses both substantially lower and greater than other tested species. High variability in egg production in Japanese quail has also been observed for other contaminants. Japanese quail egg production may therefore be too variable and unreliable an effect endpoint upon which to base regulatory screening criteria. Toxicity data supporting the Eco‐SSL were reevaluated and only studies reporting both no and lowest observed adverse effect levels (NOAELs and LOAELs) for reproduction, growth, or survival were considered. Dose–response data were extracted from 10 studies both as concentrations and doses. Dose–response relationships were developed using the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) Benchmark Dose Software for dietary concentrations and doses for egg production in Japanese quail and chickens. Effect levels (of 10%, 20%, and 50%) were extracted from the dose–response analyses. Species sensitivity distributions and dose–response data indicated reproduction was most sensitive to Pb and survival was least sensitive, with growth intermediate. Limited data for ringed turtle doves (Streptopelia risoria) and American kestrels (Falco sparverius) suggest lower sensitivity than chickens to Pb. The ED10 and ED20 thresholds for chickens were 4.4 and 9.8 mg·kg–1·d–1, respectively. Avian Pb Eco‐SSLs were recalculated based on the chicken ED10 and ED20, with and without a bioavailability adjustment. Revised avian Pb Eco‐SSLs for the most highly exposed species (American woodcock), based on the ED10 and assuming 100% and 50% bioavailability, were 36.3 mg/kg and 43.7 mg/kg, respectively. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2019;15:739–749. © 2019 SETAC.

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Sensitivity of ecological soil‐screening levels for metals to exposure model parameterization and toxicity reference values

Cited by 12 publications

References 36 publications

Toxicity reference values for methylmercury effects on avian reproduction: Critical review and analysis

Toxicity reference values for methylmercury effects on avian reproduction: Critical review and analysis

Benchmark dose analysis framework for developing wildlife toxicity reference values

Revisiting the Avian Eco‐SSL for Lead: Recommendations for Revision

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