Sensitivity to Input Parameters of Failure Detection Methods for Out-of-Plane Loaded Glass Panels in Fire

Kozłowski, Marcin; Bedon, Chiara

doi:10.3390/fire4010005

Cited by 8 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Studies proved experimentally that the tensile bending resistance of glass shows high sensitivity to temperature. Regarding the modulus of elasticity, its value decreases significantly for temperatures above 600°C and thus certainly represents an influencing parameter for design [7].…”

Section: Related Factors Of Fire Resistance Performance Of Glassmentioning

confidence: 99%

[Retracted] Simulation Study on the Influence of Fire Partition on Curtain Wall Temperature in Super High‐Rise Buildings in China

Zhang

Cao²

2021

Complexity

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The poor fire resistance characteristic of super high-rise curtain wall makes the curtain wall design one of the main approaches to improve its capacity for prevention and control over fire and smoke spread. The propagation of smoke leads to the increase in the temperature of the curtain wall on the upper and lower floors of the fire floor and consequently leads to glass fracture and other serious consequences. Current codes have control over fire resistance performance and size of fire partition materials but do not include requirements on the position of curtain walls on floors. By changing the position of fire partition in curtain walls, the paper carries out three comparative simulation experiments on two forms of fire partition: spandrel and fire prevention cornice. Besides, PyroSim is used to calculate the comparative simulation of fire and smoke spread and obtain the data on temperature variation nephogram and monitoring points in the center line of glass curtain walls during different fire scenarios, so as to discuss the influence of different positions of spandrels and fire canopy on fire hazard and smoke. This study finds out the following: fire canopy can better prevent the longitudinal spread of fire smoke than spandrels. The fire canopy above spandrels can reduce the flue-gas temperature. The higher the spandrels above floors, the faster the temperature of the central lines of glass curtain walls above fire floors reduced. However, the higher the spandrels above floors, the more uneven the distributions of high-temperature regions and low-temperature regions, thus leading to the increase in horizontal temperature differences of glass panels. This research conclusion can be taken as a reference for fire protection design of super high-rise glass curtain wall.

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Section: Related Factors Of Fire Resistance Performance Of Glassmentioning

confidence: 99%

[Retracted] Simulation Study on the Influence of Fire Partition on Curtain Wall Temperature in Super High‐Rise Buildings in China

Zhang

Cao²

2021

Complexity

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“…For simple glass panels in out-of-plane bending setup proposed in Kozlowski and Bedon (2021), it was shown for example that the quantification of overall load-bearing effects due to temperature-dependent glass material properties is a major aspect of numerical analyses. However, special attention for the definition of simplified verification protocols should necessarily take into account further relevant aspects such as:the quantification of thermal exposure and/or mechanical loading effects (i.e.…”

Section: State Of Art and Research Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: State Of Art and Research Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this regard, the current investigation takes inspiration from past literature efforts (Kozlowski and Bedon, 2021; Louter et al ., 2021), where simple monolithic or LG beam elements have been explored in fire conditions. More precisely, the analysis in Kozlowski and Bedon (2021) included FE numerical investigations to explore the thermo-mechanical behaviour of monolithic glass panes under sustained constant load (out-of-plane bending setup like in Figure 1(a)) and fire. It was shown how the failure of glass panel – namely associated to the first achievement of a maximum tensile stress exceeding the material strength – can be affected by different loading combinations, in which a given fire thermal load interacts with ordinary mechanical loads.…”

Section: State Of Art and Research Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thermo-mechanical numerical analyses in support of fire endurance assessment of ordinary soda-lime structural glass elements

Bedon

Louter

2023

JSFE

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PurposeGlass material is largely used for load-bearing components in buildings. For this reason, standardized calculation methods can be used in support of safe structural design in common loading and boundary conditions. Differing from earlier literature efforts, the present study elaborates on the load-bearing capacity, failure time and fire endurance of ordinary glass elements under fire exposure and sustained mechanical loads, with evidence of major trends in terms of loading condition and cross-sectional layout. Traditional verification approaches for glass in cold conditions (i.e. stress peak check) and fire endurance of load-bearing members (i.e. deflection and deflection rate limits) are assessed based on parametric numerical simulations.Design/methodology/approachThe mechanical performance of structural glass elements in fire still represents an open challenge for design and vulnerability assessment. Often, special fire-resisting glass solutions are used for limited practical applications only, and ordinary soda-lime silica glass prevails in design applications for load-bearing members. Moreover, conventional recommendations and testing protocols in use for load-bearing members composed of traditional constructional materials are not already addressed for glass members. This paper elaborates on the fire endurance and failure detection methods for structural glass beams that are subjected to standard ISO time–temperature for fire exposure and in-plane bending mechanical loads. Fire endurance assessment methods are discussed with the support of Finite Element (FE) numerical analyses.FindingsBased on extended parametric FE analyses, multiple loading, geometrical and thermo-mechanical configurations are taken into account for the analysis of simple glass elements under in-plane bending setup and fire exposure. The comparative results show that – in most of cases – thermal effects due to fire exposure have major effects on the actual load-bearing capacity of these members. Moreover, the conventional stress peak verification approach needs specific elaborations, compared to traditional calculations carried out in cold conditions.Originality/valueThe presented numerical results confirm that the fire endurance analysis of ordinary structural glass elements is a rather complex issue, due to combination of multiple aspects and influencing parameters. Besides, FE simulations can provide useful support for a local and global analysis of major degradation and damage phenomena, and thus support the definition of simple and realistic verification procedures for fire exposed glass members.

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“…The structural response of fire-exposed glass beams was examined by Louter et al (2021). Kozłowski and Bedon (2021) examined the sensitivity of failure prediction of glass panels exposed to fire to the various input parameters. Their experimental work emphasized the need to consider different fire scenarios while assessing the fire safety of façade elements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural performance of single-skin glass façade systems exposed to fire

Badr

Youssef²,

El-Fitiany³

et al. 2022

JSFE

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PurposeUnderstanding the structural performance of external glass curtain walls (façades) during fire exposure is critical for the safety of the occupants as their failure can lead to fire spread throughout the entire building. This concern is magnified by the recent increase in fire incidents and wildfires. This paper presents the first simplified technique to model single-skin façades during fire exposure and then utilizes it to examine the structural behaviour of vertical, inclined and oversized façade panels.Design/methodology/approachThe proposed technique is based on conducting simplified heat transfer calculations and then utilizing a widely used structural analysis software program to analyze the façade. Validation for the proposed technique with reference to available experimental and numerical studies by others is presented. A parametric study is then conducted to assess the structural performance of different glass façade systems during exposure to fire.FindingsThe proposed technique was found to provide accurate predictions of the structural performance of glass façades during fire exposure. The structural performance of inclined façade systems during fire exposure was found to be superior to vertical and oversized façade systems.Originality/valueThis research paper is the first to provide a simplified technique that can be utilized to model single-skin facades under fire. The presented technique along with the conducted parametric study will improve the understanding of the fire behaviour of single-skin glass facades, which will lead to safer applications.

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Sensitivity to Input Parameters of Failure Detection Methods for Out-of-Plane Loaded Glass Panels in Fire

Cited by 8 publications

References 24 publications

[Retracted] Simulation Study on the Influence of Fire Partition on Curtain Wall Temperature in Super High‐Rise Buildings in China

[Retracted] Simulation Study on the Influence of Fire Partition on Curtain Wall Temperature in Super High‐Rise Buildings in China

Thermo-mechanical numerical analyses in support of fire endurance assessment of ordinary soda-lime structural glass elements

Structural performance of single-skin glass façade systems exposed to fire

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