Separation of anionic and cationic compounds of biomedical interest by high-performance liquid chromatography on porous graphitic carbon

Gu, Guanghua; Lim, Chang Kee

doi:10.1016/s0021-9673(01)89312-2

Cited by 82 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The creatinine concentrations in plasma and urine samples were determined using a modified HPLC method reported previously (Gu and Lim, 1990). One milliliter of acetonitrile was added to 10 l of plasma or urine samples.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Modeling of the Effect of an Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter Inhibitor, Phlorizin, on Renal Glucose Transport in Rats

Yamaguchi¹,

Kato²,

Suzuki³

et al. 2011

Drug Metab Dispos

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ABSTRACT:A pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) model for the inhibitory effect of sodium-glucose cotransporter (SGLT) inhibitors on renal glucose reabsorption was developed to predict in vivo efficacy. First, using the relationship between renal glucose clearance and plasma glucose level in rats and both the glucose affinity and transport capacity obtained from in vitro vesicle experiments, a pharmacodynamic model analysis was performed based on a nonlinear parallel tube model to express the renal glucose transport mediated by SGLT1 and SGLT2. This model suitably expressed the relationship between plasma glucose level and renal glucose excretion. A PK-PD model was developed next to analyze the inhibitory effect of phlorizin on renal glucose reabsorption. The PK-PD model analysis was performed using averaged concentrations of both the drug and glucose in plasma and the corresponding renal glucose clearance. The model suitably expressed the concentration-dependent inhibitory effect of phlorizin on renal glucose reabsorption. The in vivo inhibition constants of phlorizin for SGLT in rats were estimated to be 67 nM for SGLT1 and 252 nM for SGLT2, which are similar to the in vitro data reported previously. This suggests that the in vivo efficacy of SGLT inhibitors could be predicted from an in vitro study based on the present PK-PD model. The present model is based on physiological and biochemical parameters and, therefore, would be helpful in understanding individual differences in the efficacy of an SGLT inhibitor.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Modeling of the Effect of an Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter Inhibitor, Phlorizin, on Renal Glucose Transport in Rats

Yamaguchi¹,

Kato²,

Suzuki³

et al. 2011

Drug Metab Dispos

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“…The ability of this graphitic material to retain small polar molecules is superior to that of silica-based sorbents (Gamelin et al, 1998;Fleming et al, 1993;Remaud et al, 2005;Ayrton et al, 1995;Gu and Lim, 1990;Cantu et al, 2001;Mazan et al, 2002;Gaudin et al, 2002;Jackson and Carr, 2002;Hanai, 2003;Antonio et al, 2007;Pereira et al, 2007;Merelli et al, 2007;Tachon et al, 2007;Xia et al, 2006;Roy et al, 2006;Bohnstedt et al, 2005;Reepmeyer et al, 2005;Xing et al, 2004;Thiebaut et al, 2006;Vial et al, 2001;Lepont et al, 2001;Holmgren et al, 2005). Moreover, porous graphitic carbon proved to be chemically and pH stable, and an inert stationary phase.…”

Section: Development Of a Pgc-hplc-ms/ms Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new, validated HPLC‐MS/MS method for the simultaneous determination of the anti‐cancer agent capecitabine and its metabolites: 5′‐deoxy‐5‐fluorocytidine, 5′‐deoxy‐5‐fluorouridine, 5‐fluorouracil and 5‐fluorodihydrouracil, in human plasma

Vainchtein

Rosing

Schellens

et al. 2009

Biomedical Chromatography

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A rapid and selective liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometric method was developed for the simultaneous determination of capecitabine and its metabolites 5'-deoxy-5-fluorocytidine (5'-DFCR), 5'-deoxy-5-fluorouracil (5'-DFUR), 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and dihydro-5-fluorouracil (FUH(2)) in human plasma. A 200 microL human plasma aliquot was spiked with a mixture of internal standards fludarabine and 5-chlorouracil. A single-step protein precipitation method was employed using 10% (v/v) trichloroacetic acid in water to separate analytes from bio-matrices. Volumes of 20 microL of the supernatant were directly injected onto the HPLC system. Separation was achieved on a 30 x 2.1 mm Hypercarb (porous graphitic carbon) column using a gradient by mixing 10 mm ammonium acetate and acetonitrile-2-propanol-tetrahydrofuran (1 : 3 : 2.25, v/v/v). The detection was performed using a Finnigan TSQ Quantum Ultra equipped with the electrospray ion source operated in positive and negative mode. The assay quantifies a range from 10 to 1000 ng/mL for capecitabine, from 10 to 5000 ng/mL for 5'-DFCR and 5'-DFUR, and from 50 to 5000 ng/mL for 5-FU and FUH(2) using a plasma sample of 200 microL. Correlation coefficients (r(2)) of the calibration curves in human plasma were better than 0.99 for all compounds. At all concentration levels, deviations of measured concentrations from nominal concentration were between -4.41 and 3.65% with CV values less than 12.0% for capecitabine, between -7.00 and 6.59% with CV values less than 13.0 for 5'-DFUR, between -3.25 and 4.11% with CV values less than 9.34% for 5'-DFCR, between -5.54 and 5.91% with CV values less than 9.69% for 5-FU and between -4.26 and 6.86% with CV values less than 14.9% for FUH(2). The described method was successfully applied for the evaluation of the pharmacokinetic profile of capecitabine and its metabolites in plasma of treated cancer patients.

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“…The described WAX methods are summarized in Table 5. d. Porous graphitic carbon chromatography. Although PGC only consists of carbon sheets, polar and ionic compounds are retained on its surface (Gu & Lim, 1990). Polar or polarizable analytes cause a charge-induced dipole at the graphite surface resulting in retention of negatively charged analytes like nucleotides.…”

Section: Quantitative Nucleotide Analysis With Msmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mass spectrometry in the quantitative analysis of therapeutic intracellular nucleotide analogs

Jansen

Rosing

Schellens

et al. 2011

Mass Spectrometry Reviews

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Nucleoside analogs are widely used in anti-cancer, anti-(retro)viral, and immunosuppressive therapy. Nucleosides are prodrugs that require intracellular activation to mono-, di-, and finally triphosphates. Monitoring of these intracellular nucleotides is important to understand their pharmacology. The relatively involatile salts and ion-pairing agents traditionally used for the separation of these ionic analytes limit the applicability of mass spectrometry (MS) for detection. Both indirect and direct methods have been developed to circumvent this apparent incompatibility. Indirect methods consist of de-phosphorylation of the nucleotides into nucleosides before the actual analysis. Various direct approaches have been developed, ranging from the use of relatively volatile or very low levels of regular ion-pairing agents, hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC), weak anion-exchange, or porous graphitic carbon columns to capillary electrophoresis and matrix-assisted light desorption--time of flight (MALDI-TOF) MS. In this review we present an overview of the publications describing the quantitative analysis of therapeutic intracellular nucleotide analogs using MS. The focus is on the different approaches for their direct analysis. We conclude that despite the technical hurdles, several useful MS-compatible chromatographic approaches have been developed, enabling the use of the excellent selectivity and sensitivity of MS for the quantitative analysis of intracellular nucleotides.

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Separation of anionic and cationic compounds of biomedical interest by high-performance liquid chromatography on porous graphitic carbon

Cited by 82 publications

References 10 publications

Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Modeling of the Effect of an Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter Inhibitor, Phlorizin, on Renal Glucose Transport in Rats

Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Modeling of the Effect of an Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter Inhibitor, Phlorizin, on Renal Glucose Transport in Rats

A new, validated HPLC‐MS/MS method for the simultaneous determination of the anti‐cancer agent capecitabine and its metabolites: 5′‐deoxy‐5‐fluorocytidine, 5′‐deoxy‐5‐fluorouridine, 5‐fluorouracil and 5‐fluorodihydrouracil, in human plasma

Mass spectrometry in the quantitative analysis of therapeutic intracellular nucleotide analogs

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