“…Investigations have also been made to study colloidal mixtures [144,145] and bio-macromolecules [146,147]. A detailed review of the application of ThFFF to characterize natural, biological and synthetic polymers has been presented by Messaud et al [148].…”
“…Investigations have also been made to study colloidal mixtures [144,145] and bio-macromolecules [146,147]. A detailed review of the application of ThFFF to characterize natural, biological and synthetic polymers has been presented by Messaud et al [148].…”
“…It has also been shown that a micro thermal focusing field flow fractionation technique can be used to separate different bacterias. 9 Braun and coworkers demonstrated that thermal diffusion can trap DNA molecules, 10 and that DNA self replicates in a temperature gradient. 11 An all-optical microfluidic fluorescence method has been used to determine the thermal diffusion properties of DNA.…”
We investigated the thermal diffusion phenomena of a rod-like mutant filamentous fd-Y21M virus in the isotropic phase, by means of an improved infrared thermal diffusion forced Rayleigh scattering (IR-TDFRS) set-up crucial for measurements of slowly diffusing systems.Since this is the first thermal diffusion study of a stiff anisotropic solute, we investigate the influence of the shape anisotropy on the thermal diffusion behavior. The influence of temperature, fd-Y21M concentration and ionic strength in relation with the thermodiffusion properties is discussed. We characterize and eliminate the effect of these parameters on the absolute diffusion of the rods and show that diffusion determines the behavior of the Soret coefficient because the thermal diffusion coefficient is constant in the investigate regime. Our results indicate that for the thermal diffusion behavior structural changes of the surrounding water are more important than structural changes between the charged macroions. In the investigated temperature and concentration range, the fd-Y21M virus is thermophobic for the low salt content, while the solutions with the high salt content change from thermophobic to thermophilic behavior with decreasing the temperature. A comparison with recent measurements of other charged soft and biological matter systems shows that the shape anisotropy of the fd-virus becomes not visible in the results.
“…[8,16,17,22,25,27,28] Polymer latex particles were successfully separated in the nanometer size range up to several micrometers, as well as biological cells. [8,16,17,22,[25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34] In …”
More than 45 years have passed since the invention of field-flow fractionation (FFF). During this time, several methods and techniques, differing mainly by the nature of the applied field, have been proposed and experimentally implemented. However, only few of them are currently in practical laboratory use. Recent trends of miniaturization of all separation techniques have also been followed in the development of FFF apparatus. The aim of this work is to give an overview of the advances that are important in the practical use of microfluidic FFF techniques. Another aim is a critical evaluation of the crucial characteristics of the most widespread FFF techniques performed in standard-size channels.
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