Separation of Bombyxin from a neuropeptide of Bombyx mori showing Summer-morph-producing Hormone (SMPH) activity in the Asian Comma Butterfly, Polygonia c-aureum L.

Tanaka, Daisuke; Sakurama, Teruo; Mitsumasu, Kanako; Yamanaka, Akira; Endo, Katsuhiko

doi:10.1016/s0022-1910(96)00077-7

“…Our data clearly indicate that 2% NaCl extracts derived from the pupal brains of V. cardui, V. indica or N. xanthomelas japonica contained cerebral factor(s) showing SMPH activity that caused the development of summer-morph adults when injected into Polygonia female SD-pupae (Table 1). These results of this study strengthen similar findings obtained for other lepidopteran species such as Pa. xuthus, L. phlaeas daimio, B. mori, and Precis coenia (Endo et al, 1988;Starnecker et al, 1997;Tanaka et al, 1997).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Presence of a cerebral factor showing summer‐morph‐producing hormone activity in the brain of the seasonal non‐polyphenic butterflies Vanessa cardui, V. indica and Nymphalis xanthomelas japonica (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)

Tanaka

¹

,

Inoue

²

,

Endo

³

et al. 2009

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Presence of a cerebral factor showing summer-morphproducing hormone activity in the brain of the seasonal nonpolyphenic butterflies Vanessa cardui, V. indica and Nymphalis xanthomelas japonica (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) Abstract Three species of nymphalid butterflies, Vanessa cardui, V. indica and Nymphalis xanthomelas japonica, do not exhibit seasonal polyphenism in wing coloration. To determine whether seasonal non-polyphenic butterflies possess a cerebral factor affecting wing coloration, we used a Polygonia c-aureum female short-day pupal assay for detection of summer-morph-producing hormone (SMPH) activity in P. c-aureum. When 2% NaCl extracts of 25 brain-equivalents prepared from the pupal brains of V. cardui, V. indica or N. xanthomelas japonica were injected into Polygonia female short-day pupae, all recipients developed into summer-morph adults with dark-yellow wings, and the average grade score (AGS) of summer morphs showing SMPH activity was 3.8, 3.7 and 4.0, respectively. In contrast, when acetone or 80% ethanol extracts prepared from pupal brains were injected into Polygonia pupae, all recipients developed into autumn-morph adults with a dark-brown coloration and each exhibited an AGS of less than 0.5. Our results indicate that a cerebral factor showing SMPH activity is present in the pupal brain of seasonal non-polyphenic nymphalid butterflies, suggesting that a SMPH and cerebral factor showing SMPH activity occur widely among butterfly species. This finding will improve our understanding of the presence of cerebral factors showing interspecific actions of SHPH.

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“…A recent phylogenetic study of the tribe Nymphalini found that the Holarctic group of genera Nymphalis, Polygonia, Aglais, Inachis, Kaniska, and Roddia (termed the Nymphalis group in this paper) formed a strongly supported monophyletic clade . This clade comprises 24 currently recognized species and has been instrumental in investigations of such phenomena as the evolution of host plant use (Janz and Nylin, 1997;Janz et al, 2001;Nylin, 1988), phenotypic plasticity in life-history traits (Nylin, 1992;Wiklund et al, 1992), effects of environment on distribution (Bryant et al, 2002), and insect physiology (Hiroyoshi and Mitsuhashi, 1999;Tanaka et al, 1997). The study by Nylin et al (2001) was based on a morphological, ecological, and behavioral (MEB) data set comprising 97 characters and two DNA sequence data sets (695 bp of the mitochon-drial gene ND1 and 379 bp of the nuclear gene wingless).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphology versus molecules: resolution of the positions of Nymphalis, Polygonia, and related genera (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)

Wahlberg¹

2003

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The debate on whether to combine different data sets for simultaneous analysis has continued to the present day unabated. We have studied the effects of combining one morphological data set with four molecular data sets (two mitochondrial gene sequences and two nuclear gene sequences) for a group of butterflies belonging to the tribe Nymphalini using partitioned Bremer support. We particularly focus our attention on a group of species belonging to the genera Aglais, Inachis, Roddia, Nymphalis, Kaniska, and Polygonia. We find that, despite significant incongruence between most data partitions, all data partitions contribute positively to the support of most nodes in the most parsimonious trees found for the combined data set. We also find that the morphological data set resolves one particular node (Kaniska basal to Polygonia) with good support, while the molecular data sets are ambiguous about the existence of this node. We suggest that partitioned Bremer support allows one to critically appraise the robustness of each node in a given tree and thereby identify nodes that may change with the addition of new data and nodes that are likely to remain unchanged with new data. We also suggest that morphological data are still crucial to our being able to understand the relationships of extant organisms, despite published views to the contrary. Based on our results we suggest that Inachis should be synonymized with Aglais, Roddia with Nymphalis, and Kaniska with Polygonia.

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“…This clade comprises 24 currently recognized species and has been instrumental in investigations of such phenomena as the evolution of host plant use (Janz and Nylin, 1997;Janz et al, 2001;Nylin, 1988), phenotypic plasticity in life-history traits (Nylin, 1992;Wiklund et al, 1992), effects of environment on distribution (Bryant et al, 2002), and insect physiology (Hiroyoshi and Mitsuhashi, 1999;Tanaka et al, 1997). The study by Nylin et al (2001) was based on a morphological, ecological, and behavioral (MEB) data set comprising 97 characters and two DNA sequence data sets (695 bp of the mitochondrial gene ND1 and 379 bp of the nuclear gene wingless).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphology versus molecules: resolution of the positions of Nymphalis, Polygonia, and related genera (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)

Wahlberg

¹

,

Nylin

²

2003

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The debate on whether to combine different data sets for simultaneous analysis has continued to the present day unabated. We have studied the effects of combining one morphological data set with four molecular data sets (two mitochondrial gene sequences and two nuclear gene sequences) for a group of butterflies belonging to the tribe Nymphalini using partitioned Bremer support. We particularly focus our attention on a group of species belonging to the genera Aglais, Inachis, Roddia, Nymphalis, Kaniska, and Polygonia. We find that, despite significant incongruence between most data partitions, all data partitions contribute positively to the support of most nodes in the most parsimonious trees found for the combined data set. We also find that the morphological data set resolves one particular node (Kaniska basal to Polygonia) with good support, while the molecular data sets are ambiguous about the existence of this node. We suggest that partitioned Bremer support allows one to critically appraise the robustness of each node in a given tree and thereby identify nodes that may change with the addition of new data and nodes that are likely to remain unchanged with new data. We also suggest that morphological data are still crucial to our being able to understand the relationships of extant organisms, despite published views to the contrary. Based on our results we suggest that Inachis should be synonymized with Aglais, Roddia with Nymphalis, and Kaniska with Polygonia.

show abstract

Separation of Bombyxin from a neuropeptide of Bombyx mori showing Summer-morph-producing Hormone (SMPH) activity in the Asian Comma Butterfly, Polygonia c-aureum L.

Cited by 13 publications

References 7 publications

Presence of a cerebral factor showing summer‐morph‐producing hormone activity in the brain of the seasonal non‐polyphenic butterflies Vanessa cardui, V. indica and Nymphalis xanthomelas japonica (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)

Presence of a cerebral factor showing summer‐morph‐producing hormone activity in the brain of the seasonal non‐polyphenic butterflies Vanessa cardui, V. indica and Nymphalis xanthomelas japonica (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)

Morphology versus molecules: resolution of the positions of Nymphalis, Polygonia, and related genera (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)

Morphology versus molecules: resolution of the positions of Nymphalis, Polygonia, and related genera (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)

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