“…The reaction between the solute and extractant occurs in reactive extraction, unlike solvent extraction, by forming an acid–extractant complex. The reactive extraction technique was used for the recovery of different carboxylic acids, such as lactic acid, − acrylic acid, − levulinic acid, itaconic acid, , picolinic acid, − gallic acid, , nicotinic acid, , tartaric acid, benzoic acid, caproic acid, phenylacetic acid, − and protocatechuic acid. − However, few literature contributions have been reported on malonic acid recovery by reactive extraction. Dietrich et al (2017) reported on reactive extraction of malonic acid using alcohol-based solvents along with the amine-based extractants .…”