Separation of Sr from Ca, Ba and Ra by means of Ca(OH)2 and Ba(Ra)Cl2 or Ba(Ra)SO4 for the determination of radiostrontium

Chen, Qingjiang; Hou, Xiaolin; Yu, Yixuan; Dahlgaard, H.; Nielsen, Sven Poul

doi:10.1016/s0003-2670(02)00571-8

Cited by 43 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Ra(II), behaving, in many respects, like other alkaline earth elements. It forms strong complexes with sulfate (Chen et al, 2002) and 25 natural and artificial isotopes with mass numbers between 206 and 230 are known. All radium isotopes are unstable and only four occur in the natural series of radioactive decay: 226 Ra (half-life ¼ 1622 years) in consumption, having a great social and economic importance to about 15 million inhabitants living in Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay and Paraguay (Rocha, 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Doses from 222Rn, 226Ra, and 228Ra in groundwater from Guarani aquifer, South America

Bonotto

2004

Journal of Environmental Radioactivity

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Doses from 222Rn, 226Ra, and 228Ra in groundwater from Guarani aquifer, South America

Bonotto

2004

Journal of Environmental Radioactivity

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“…This is mainly achieved by reducing the background count rate of the detector by using heavy lead shielding and a GM guard detector above the sample detectors, operating in anticoincidence mode with the sample detector(s). A background count rate of 0.1 counts per minute was reported for a commercial low-level GM counter produced at Risø National Laboratory, Denmark, and the detection limit reported is less than 1.5 mBq for 99 Tc and 90 Sr [15][16][17]. Table 4 lists radionuclides typically measured by beta counting and their approximate detection limits.…”

Section: Beta Countingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One general method based on the insolubility of strontium nitrate in strong nitric acid is still widely used for separation of Sr from Ca [180]. Recently a simple method based on Ca(OH) 2 precipitation in alkaline solution and Ba(Ra)SO 4 precipitate was applied to the separation of Sr from sample matrices and interfering radionuclides [16,181]. A detection limit of 5 mBq for 90 Sr was reported by using an anticoincidence shielded gas flow GM counter [16].…”

Section: Stronium-89 90mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently a simple method based on Ca(OH) 2 precipitation in alkaline solution and Ba(Ra)SO 4 precipitate was applied to the separation of Sr from sample matrices and interfering radionuclides [16,181]. A detection limit of 5 mBq for 90 Sr was reported by using an anticoincidence shielded gas flow GM counter [16]. When using gas flow GM detector, 90 Sr is normally measured through its daughter 90 Y, because of the low beta energy of 90 Sr (E max = 546 keV) and a consequence of low counting efficiency.…”

Section: Stronium-89 90mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Table 4 Energies of β particles of the radionuclides and the detection limits of beta counting methods [15][16][17][18][19] Table 5 Comparison of X-ray spectrometry, LSC, RIMS, TIMS and AMS for the determination of 41 Ca Table 6 Comparison of X-ray spectrometry, GM counter, ion implanted silicon detector, LSC, and AMS for the determination of 63 Ni and 59 Ni Table 7 Comparison of radiometric and mass spectrometric methods for the determination of 90 Sr Table 8 Potential interfering species on mass 99 in ICP-MS Table 9 Comparison of radiometric and mass spectrometric methods for the determination of 99 Tc Table 10 Comparison of radiometric and mass spectrometric methods for the determination of 129 I Table 11 Comparison of radiometric and mass spectrometric methods for determination of 226 Ra and 228 Ra Table 12 Comparison of radiometric and mass spectrometric methods for the determination of isotopes of plutonium Fig. 1 Plot of the specific radioactivity (Bq/g) vs. half-life of the radionuclides listed in Table 1 Fig .…”

Section: Amsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Critical comparison of radiometric and mass spectrometric methods for the determination of radionuclides in environmental, biological and nuclear waste samples

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Selective separation of strontium by multitopic ion‐pair receptor: A DFT exploration

Sadhu

Sundararajan

Pillai

et al. 2017

Int J of Quantum Chemistry

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Selective extraction of a radionuclide in the presence of other interfering ions is one of the vital steps in the back-end-of-the-nuclear fuel cycle. The presence of interfering cations (such as Ca 21 ) in the radioactive waste and involvement of multiple separation steps are known to be bottlenecks in the efficient Sr 21 extraction. Here, using free energy corrected density functional theory, we have proposed a two-step Sr 21 extraction methodology in nitrate media in the presence of interfering Ca 21 ion using a multitopic ion-pair receptor, which was earlier reported to be strongly selective for K 1 (Kim et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2012, 134, 1782-1792. To depict the correct free energy trend in the proposed extraction processes, the most probable binding mode of the metal (Sr 21 , Ca 21 , and K 1 ) nitrates in the host are identified. In excellent agreement with the previously reported experiment, Crown/Pyrrole (C/P) binding is noted to be the most preferable mode for KNO 3 , where K 1 and NO 2 3 occupied the Crown (C) and Pyrrole (P) site, respectively. However, the divalent metal ions (Ca 21 and Sr 21 ) are noted to marginally prefer Crown/Crown-Pyrrole (C/ CP) mode, in which metal reside at the C site while two nitrates occupy the P site and also simultaneously bind at the outer sphere of C site to coordinate with the metal via monodentate motif.Based on the free energy of extraction, we predict that the selective separation of chemically alike Ca 21 /Sr 21 pair is indeed achievable using this receptor. We propose that once [Sr(NO 3 ) 2 ] is extracted in organic media, the receptor's high affinity toward K 1 in nitrate media can be used to back strip Sr 21 to the aqueous phase. K E Y W O R D S density functional theory, multitopic ion-pair receptor, selective separation | I N TR ODU C TI ONSelective separation of fission products like radiostrontium ( 89/90 Sr) in the presence of other interfering divalent ions such as, calcium (Ca) is a challenging and an important task which is central to nuclear waste management program. [1][2][3] The primary aim behind extraction of 90 Sr from the nuclear waste is to reduce the volume of high level liquid waste (HLLW) that can further minimize the undesirable decay heat production in the waste. Similarly, waste generated due to the accidental release of 90 Sr into the atmosphere also requires significant chemical treatment to reduce the radionuclide associated long term hazards and restricts its migration in the environment.Considerable research is devoted to find viable separation techniques for the extraction and recovery of Sr 21 . [2][3][4][5][6] The major difficulty in such separation processes is the presence of interfering cations such as, Ca 21 . In addition to this, strong hydration energy barrier of Sr 21 (-330 kcal mol 21 ) also acts as a bottleneck to extract it into the organic phase and thus signifies the need of a proper extractant with available diluents. Several chemical treatments such as nitrate precipitation and ion exchange methods for Sr 21 recovery ...

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Separation of Sr from Ca, Ba and Ra by means of Ca(OH)2 and Ba(Ra)Cl2 or Ba(Ra)SO4 for the determination of radiostrontium

Cited by 43 publications

References 17 publications

Doses from 222Rn, 226Ra, and 228Ra in groundwater from Guarani aquifer, South America

Doses from 222Rn, 226Ra, and 228Ra in groundwater from Guarani aquifer, South America

Critical comparison of radiometric and mass spectrometric methods for the determination of radionuclides in environmental, biological and nuclear waste samples

Selective separation of strontium by multitopic ion‐pair receptor: A DFT exploration

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