Sepsis‑induced cardiac dysfunction and pathogenetic mechanisms (Review)

Abstract

Sepsis is a manifestation of the immune and inflammatory response to infection, which may lead to multi-organ failure. Health care advances have improved outcomes in critical illness, but it still remains the leading cause of death. Septic cardiomyopathy is heart dysfunction brought on by sepsis. Septic cardiomyopathy is a common consequence of sepsis and has a mortality rate of up to 70%. There is a lack of understanding of septic cardiomyopathy pathogenesis; knowledge of its pathogenesis and the identification of potential therapeutic targets may reduce the mortality rate of patients with sepsis and lead to clinical improvements. The present review aimed to summarize advances in the pathogenesis of cardiac dysfunction in sepsis, with a focus on mitochondrial dysfunction, metabolic changes and cell death modalities and pathways. The present review summarized diagnostic criteria and outlook for sepsis treatment, with the goal of identifying appropriate treatment methods for this disease.

Practical Lessons on Antimicrobial Therapy for Critically Ill Patients

“…Recent developments in antimicrobial treatment include introducing novel Antibiotics 2024, 13, 162 2 of 16 drug delivery systems and recognising the importance of stewardship programs to curb the growth of resistant pathogens [10][11][12]. For example, pharmacokinetics in critically ill patients are altered by mechanical ventilation, renal replacement therapy, and pathological processes [13][14][15]. The pharmacodynamics of antimicrobial drugs can also be changed [16].…”