Sequence types and pleuromutilin susceptibility of Brachyspira hyodysenteriae isolates from Italian pigs with swine dysentery: 2003–2012

Rugna, Gianluca; Bonilauri, Paolo; Carra, Elena; Bergamini, F.; Luppi, A.; Gherpelli, Y.; Magistrali, Chiara Francesca; Nigrelli, A.; Alborali, G. L.; Martelli, Paolo; La, Tom; Hampson, David J.; Merialdi, G.

doi:10.1016/j.tvjl.2014.10.033

Cited by 43 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Our observations suggest that B. hyodysenteriae isolates from the United States (Table 2) are more susceptible to tiamulin and valnemulin than are isolates from Germany, Italy, Japan, Poland, Spain, the Czech Republic, and the United Kingdom (21)(22)(23)(24)(26)(27)(28), which have reported strains resistant to tiamulin and/or valnemulin. Interestingly, we found a similar MIC 50 value but higher MIC 90 value for B. hyodysenteriae (Table 2), compared with those reported for Australia and Sweden (13,15).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

“…Although isolates characterized as having decreased tiamulin susceptibility (using epidemiological cutoff values) were identified previously in many countries (9, 11, 13, 15, 20-26, 28, 29), only a few have been genotyped (2,8,23,30,31). Information on international B. hyodysenteriae genotypes and corresponding information on tiamulin susceptibility was obtained from published studies (23,(28)(29)(30)(31).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…hyodysenteriae and/or B. pilosicoli strains from numerous countries, including Australia (13), Belgium (20), the Czech Republic (21), Germany (22), Italy (23), Japan (24), Netherlands (25), Poland (26), Spain (27), Sweden (15), and the United Kingdom (28), were reported to have low susceptibilities to one or more antimicrobial agents. Some studies have also identified resistant strains in several farms or regions as a result of clonal dissemination (23,28). Such trends of low susceptibilities of B. hyodysenteriae and B. pilosicoli to multiple antimicrobials complicate disease control efforts.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such trends of low susceptibilities of B. hyodysenteriae and B. pilosicoli to multiple antimicrobials complicate disease control efforts. Although substantial information on the antimicrobial susceptibilities of Brachyspira isolates is available from Europe (15,(21)(22)(23)(26)(27)(28), Australia (13), and Asia (24), limited information is available from North America (9). Recent studies have characterized the genotypes of B. hyodysenteriae and B. hampsonii circulating in commercial swine herds in the United States (2,8).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of Brachyspira Species Isolated from Swine Herds in the United States

2016

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Outbreaks of swine dysentery, caused by Brachyspira hyodysenteriae and the recently discovered "Brachyspira hampsonii," have reoccurred in North American swine herds since the late 2000s. Additionally, multiple Brachyspira species have been increasingly isolated by North American diagnostic laboratories. In Europe, the reliance on antimicrobial therapy for control of swine dysentery has been followed by reports of antimicrobial resistance over time. The objectives of our study were to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility trends of four Brachyspira species originating from U.S. swine herds and to investigate their associations with the bacterial species, genotypes, and epidemiological origins of the isolates. We evaluated the susceptibility of B. hyodysenteriae, B. hampsonii, Brachyspira pilosicoli, and Brachyspira murdochii to tiamulin, valnemulin, doxycycline, lincomycin, and tylosin by broth microdilution and that to carbadox by agar dilution. In general, Brachyspira species showed high susceptibility to tiamulin, valnemulin, and carbadox, heterogeneous susceptibility to doxycycline, and low susceptibility to lincomycin and tylosin. A trend of decreasing antimicrobial susceptibility by species was observed (B. hampsonii > B. hyodysenteriae > B. murdochii > B. pilosicoli). In general, Brachyspira isolates from the United States were more susceptible to these antimicrobials than were isolates from other countries. Decreased antimicrobial susceptibility was associated with the genotype, stage of production, and production system from which the isolate originated, which highlights the roles of biosecurity and husbandry in disease prevention and control. Finally, this study also highlights the urgent need for Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute-approved clinical breakpoints for Brachyspira species, to facilitate informed therapeutic and control strategies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of Brachyspira Species Isolated from Swine Herds in the United States

2016

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“…The heavy reliance on mechanistically similar drugs, to which resistance in other organisms has been shown to develop by a common mechanism, highlights the potential impact of resistance emergence and the clinical value of laboratorytest-guided therapeutic selection. Although there is no consensus method for determining the antimicrobial susceptibility of Brachyspira, trends of decreasing susceptibility among B. hyodysenteriae for the macrolides and pleuromutilins have been described in Europe and the United States (Lobová et al 2004;Aarestrup et al 2008;Prášek et al 2014;Rugna et al 2015;Mirajkar et al 2016a). …”

Section: Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of the current state of antimicrobial susceptibility test methods forBrachyspira

Kulathunga

Rubin

2017

Can. J. Microbiol.

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Abstract:The re-emergence of swine dysentery (Brachyspira-associated muco-haemorrhagic colitis) since the late 2000s has illuminated diagnostic challenges associated with this genus. The methods used to detect, identify, and characterize Brachyspira from clinical samples have not been standardized, and laboratories frequently rely heavily on in-house techniques. Particularly concerning is the lack of standardized methods for determining and interpreting the antimicrobial susceptibility of Brachyspira spp. The integration of laboratory data into a treatment plan is a critical component of prudent antimicrobial usage. Therefore, the lack of standardized methods is an important limitation to the evidence-based use of antimicrobials. This review will focus on describing the methodological limitations and inconsistencies between current susceptibility testing schemes employed for Brachyspira, provide an overview of what we do know about the susceptibility of these organisms, and suggest future directions to improve and standardize diagnostic strategies.Key words: Brachyspira, susceptibility test, method standardization, veterinary diagnostics, swine dysentery.Résumé : La réémergence de la dysenterie porcine (colite muco-hémorragique associée à Brachyspira) depuis la fin des années 2000 a mis en lumière les défis diagnostiques associés à ce genre. Les méthodes utilisées pour détecter, identifier et caractériser Brachyspira à partir d'échantillons cliniques n'ont jamais été standardisées et les laboratoires dépendent fréquemment et fortement de méthodes maison. L'absence de méthodes standardisées pour déterminer et interpréter la susceptibilité antimicrobienne de Brachyspira spp. est particulièrement inquiétante. L'intégration de données expérimentales à un plan de traitement est une composante importante de l'utilisation avisée d'antimicrobiens, et l'absence de méthodes standardisées constitue conséquemment une limite importante à l'utilisation d'antimicrobiens fondée sur des données probantes. Cette synthèse se concentrera sur la description des limites méthodologiques et des incohérences actuelles qui existent entre les programmes de tests utilisés pour Brachyspira, fournira un exposé général de ce que les auteurs connaissent de la susceptibilité de ces organismes et suggérera des orientations afin d'améliorer et standardiser les stratégies diagnostiques. [Traduit par la Rédaction] Mots-clés : Brachyspira, test de susceptibilité, standardisation de méthodes, diagnostics vétérinaires, dysenterie porcine.

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B rachyspira

Looft¹,

Stanton²

2018

Bergey's Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria

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Bra.chy.spi'ra. (Gr. adj. brachys , short; Gr. n. spira , a coil, helix; N.L. fem. n. Brachyspira , describing a bacterium that resembles a short helix). Spirochaetes / Spirochaetia / Spirochaetales / Brachyspiraceae / Brachyspira The genus Brachyspira consists of obligately anaerobic, aerotolerant spirochetes, which inhabit the intestinal tracts of birds and mammals, including humans. They have been found globally in free‐living birds. The type species of the genus is Brachyspira aalborgi . There are numerous yet‐to‐be characterized brachyspire species. Brachyspires have fastidious growth requirements requiring chemically complex culture media supplemented with blood or serum. The best studied species, Brachyspira hyodysenteriae, requires cholesterol and phospholipid for growth. The brachyspires are chemoorganotrophic, using various simple carbohydrates for growth. Metabolic products are acetate, butyrate, H 2 , and CO 2 . Brachyspira spp. use NADH oxidase as defense against oxygen exposure. Species are differentiated by 16S rRNA gene sequences and genome DNA homology comparisons (chemical and digital). Genome sequences of the type strains of every species except B. aalborgi are publicly available. There are nine Brachyspira species, of which eight are considered enteropathogenic for their host animal. Diseases associated with the brachyspires include swine dysentery, spirochetal colitis, and intestinal spirochetosis. Dysenteric species ( Brachyspira hyodysenteriae , Brachyspira suanatina , and Brachyspira hampsonii ) form strongly hemolytic (i.e., beta hemolytic) colonies on trypticase soy blood agar. Other species are “weakly” hemolytic. B. hyodysenteriae cells exchange chromosomal genes via VSH‐1, a novel GTA (gene transfer agent). MLST (multiple locus sequence typing) analyses have been applied to investigate B. hyodysenteriae and Brachyspira pilosicoli epidemiology and to interpret species evolution. A database of STs (MLST sequence types) for B. hyodysenteriae strains has been established. DNA G + C content (mol%) : 24.6–27.5 ( T m ; genome sequence). Type species : Brachyspira aalborgi Hovind‐Hougen, Birch‐Andersen, Henrik‐Nielsen, Orholm, Pedersen, Teglbjaerg and Thaysen 1983, 896 VP (Effective publication: Hovind‐Hougen, Birch‐Andersen, Henrik‐Nielsen, Orholm, Pedersen, Teglbjaerg and Thaysen 1982, 1135).

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Sequence types and pleuromutilin susceptibility of Brachyspira hyodysenteriae isolates from Italian pigs with swine dysentery: 2003–2012

Cited by 43 publications

References 17 publications

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of Brachyspira Species Isolated from Swine Herds in the United States

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of Brachyspira Species Isolated from Swine Herds in the United States

A review of the current state of antimicrobial susceptibility test methods forBrachyspira

B rachyspira

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