Sequential air–liquid exposure of human respiratory cells to chemical and biological pollutants

Development, qualification, validation and application of the Ames test using a VITROCELL® VC10® smoke exposure system

“…Exposure systems such as the VITROCELL ® VC10 ® have been developed for use in combination with biological endpoints to detect potential interactions at the ALI or AAI for a variety of inhaled materials including tobacco smoke [ [44] , [45] , [46] , [47] , [48] , [49] ], e-cigarettes [ 50 ], nanomaterials [ [51] , [52] , [53] ], therapeutic aerosols [ 54 ], airborne chemicals and pollutants [ 31 , [55] , [56] , [57] ]. In addition, the VITROCELL ® VC10 ® system has been shown to be a robust and reproducible in vitro method through an inter-machine comparison of tobacco smoke particle deposition using six independent smoke exposure systems [ 44 ].…”

Application of a modified gaseous exposure system to the in vitro toxicological assessment of tobacco smoke toxicants

“…The exposure of bacterial and mammalian cells at the air–agar or air–liquid interface to various test atmospheres such as WS and its gas vapour phase, biological and individual chemical pollutants has previously been described elsewhere [Aufderheide and Gressman, 2007; Pariselli et al, ; Schmalz et al, ; Wijte et al, ; Persoz et al, ; Anderson et al, ]. These studies have largely been based around the use of either the CULTEX ® or Vitrocell ® exposure modules.…”

Investigation of multiple whole smoke dosimetry techniques using a VITROCELL®VC10® smoke exposure system

“…The Vitrocell® VC10® in vitro whole smoke/aerosol exposure system has been developed for the assessment of potential biological activity (e.g., cytotoxicity, genotoxicity) for a variety of inhaled materials including tobacco smoke [42,43]; Iskander et al, 2013; [44,45,26,46], Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS) [47], and airborne chemicals and pollutants [[48], [49], [50], [51]]. Quartz crystal microbalances have been used as a dosimetry tool in a variety of smoke/aerosol exposure systems as a means of measuring real-time deposition of particles in smoke/aerosol at a range of dilutions [[21], [22], [23], [24],26].…”