Sequential Changes in Developing Human Dental Plaque As Visualized by Scanning Electron Microscopy

Eastcott, Andrew D.; Stallard, Richard E.

doi:10.1902/jop.1973.44.4.218

Cited by 22 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…If the average area of an organism is approximately 1 sq micron then 0.1-1.0 % of the tooth surface would be covered by microorganisms. This estimate is in line with scanning electron microscopic (SEM) pictures taken of early plaque development (Saxton 1973, Eastcott & Stallard 1973. The second phase, or the phase of rapid growth, was initiated some time after S hours with total counts reaching 10* organisms per sq cm.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

“…The relatively large percentage of Grampositive rods present up to 8 hours should be noted. This is in apparent contrast with the observations made by others that coccal forms predominate in early plaque as deter-mined by SEM or by light microscopy (Theilade et al 1966, Theilade & Theilade 1970, Saxton 1973, Eastcott & Stallard 1973, Rotistrorn, Attstrom & Egelberg 1975. Such organisms might be regarded as streptococci.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 75%

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Bacteriological studies of developing supragingival dental plaque

Socransky

Manganiello

Propas

et al. 1977

J of Periodontal Research

305

154

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The predominant flora of plaque developing on an area of about 1 sq cm. on the middle third of the buccal surface of the upper first molar of one individual was studied. Samples were taken at 5 and 15 min, 1, 2, 4 and 8 hr, and 1, 2, 4, 8 and 16 days; the tooth surface was cleaned prior to each period. Plaque samples were handled and cultured under anaerobic conditions utilizing various growth media. AH isolates from blood agar plates in Brewer jars with 30 to 100 colonies were characterized. Streptococcus sanguis, the single‐most predominant organism, and Actinomyces viscosus were consistently found. Streptococcus mitis, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Actinomyces israelii, Peptostreptococcus sp. and Veillonella alcalescens were found at more than one time period. High proportions of “suspected pairs” (mixtures of 2 or more intimately‐associated organisms), were regularly detected. Bacterial population changes with time were observed. Many isolates, particularly those present in plaques up to 8 hr, agglutinated in the presence of saliva. Less than half of the isolates, including Gram‐positive saccharolytic rods, staphylococci and some S. sanguis strains, formed plaque in vitro on wires in the presence of sucrose or glucose. The data suggest that the nature of the early microflora observed is determined by bacterial attachment which may be influenced by, amongst others, salivary constituents. Subsequent cell multiplication leads to a large bacterial increase in which proportional changes may occur as a result of differences in bacterial growth.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 75%

Bacteriological studies of developing supragingival dental plaque

Socransky

Manganiello

Propas

et al. 1977

J of Periodontal Research

305

154

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Nevertheless, TEM images showed very clearly that there was space between cells in dental plaque and that this space was filled with extracellular material [6]. Using SEM, an amorphous layer covering the cells was observed [7]. On more modern scanning electron microscopes, and using critical point drying to prepare samples, extracellular material can clearly be seen as strands between the cells (Fig.…”

Section: Structure Of the Extracellular Matrix In Oral Biofilmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extracellular DNA in oral microbial biofilms

Jakubovics

Burgess

2015

Microbes and Infection

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“…THE STRUCTURE of developing dental plaque has been studied by a number of investigators on smooth, natural tooth surfaces [1][2][3][4][5] and smooth, artificial surfaces. [6][7][8][9][10][11] Theilade et al 12,13 also studied the development of dental plaque in artificial fissures.…”

Section: A Llstgarten Dds †mentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure of the Microbial Flora Associated with Periodontal Health and Disease in Man: A Light and Electron Microscopic Study

Listgarten

1976

Journal of Periodontology

498

304

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Teeth slated for extraction were evaluated with respect to their periodontal status and classified accordingly into five categories; namely normal, gingivitis, periodontitis, periodontosis and postperiodontosis. After processing, one approximal surface of each tooth was sampled at various levels in an apico-occlusal direction for light and electron microscopic study of the associated bacterial flora. In normal samples, the flora consisted of a relatively thin, adherent bacterial layer confined to the enamel surface. The cells were predominantly coccoid in shape with cell wall features compatible with those of Gram-positive organisms. Isolated filamentous or branching forms and some Gram-negative bacteria were noted on the surface of the more apical portion of the bacterial layer. No flagellated cells or spirochetes were present. Gingivitis samples yielded a relatively more voluminous and complex supragingival flora with relatively more filamentous bacteria and more cells with a Gram-negative cell wall ultrastructure. These samples also contained corncob formations on the surface of supragingival deposits, and flagellated cells with spirochetes within the predominantly Gram-negative flora of the sulcus bottom. Supragingival bacterial deposits of periodontitis samples were similar to those observed in gingivitis. The subgingival flora consisted of relatively fewer cells adherent to the root surface with a concomitant increase in the population of Gram-negative and flagellated cells, as well as spirochetes. The tissue side of the subgingival flora generally exhibited a distinctive concentration of "test-tube brush" formations, spirochetes of predominantly medium size, and assorted cell types peculiar to this region. A transitional flora generally separated the supra- from the subgingival microbial population. Periodontosis samples had a relatively sparse, predominantly Gram-negative flora. A unique electron-dense, lobulated cuticular deposit covered the majority of the samples studied. Postperiodontosis samples were much more similar in their microbial flora to the periodontitis group. The results suggest that (1) a certain microbial flora may be compatible with a state of periodontal health; (2) a different flora is associated with varying degrees of periodontal disease; (3) the structure and composition of the supragingival flora differs markedly from that of the subgingival flora; (4) with the exception of periodontis, the alterations of the microbial flora as periodontal disease increases inseverity parallel the changes described previously in the microbial population collected on artificial crowns during experimentally induced gingivitis. The use of the expressions "microbial flora" or "microbial population" is considered preferable to the terms "plaque", "materia alba", or "debris" in reference to the microbiota of the gingival sulcus region.

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Sequential Changes in Developing Human Dental Plaque As Visualized by Scanning Electron Microscopy

Cited by 22 publications

References 13 publications

Bacteriological studies of developing supragingival dental plaque

Bacteriological studies of developing supragingival dental plaque

Extracellular DNA in oral microbial biofilms

Structure of the Microbial Flora Associated with Periodontal Health and Disease in Man: A Light and Electron Microscopic Study

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