Sequential dietary exposure to aflatoxin B1 and fumonisin B1 in F344 rats increases liver preneoplastic changes indicative of a synergistic interaction

Qian, Guoqing; Tang, Lili; Lin, Shuhan; Xue, Kathy S.; Mitchell, Nicole; Su, Jianjia; Gelderblom, W.C.A.; Riley, Ronald T.; Phillips, Timothy D.; Wang, Jiasheng

doi:10.1016/j.fct.2016.07.017

“…Also, it should be noted that fumonisins in soy can co‐occur with a dozen of other mycotoxins (for example, aflatoxins, deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, and ochratoxin A) which may exceed fumonisin levels (Rodrigues & Naehrer, ; Supplementary Table 2). Interactions between different mycotoxins have already been shown in rainbow trouts where FB1 promotes aflatoxin B 1 ‐initiated liver tumors (Carlson et al., ) and in rats (Qian et al., ).…”

Section: Fumonisins In Foodstuffs and Agricultural Commoditiesmentioning

confidence: 93%

Exposure, Occurrence, and Chemistry of Fumonisins and their Cryptic Derivatives

Braun

¹

,

Wink

²

2018

Comp Rev Food Sci Food Safe

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Fumonisins are mycotoxins mainly produced by Fusarium proliferatum and Fusarium verticillioides. Because of their wide distribution, the potential health hazard, and economic significance, they are considered one of the most important mycotoxin classes. Epidemiological evidence suggests a relationship between the Fusarium load in corn, exposure to fumonisins, and esophageal cancer. However, mechanisms of actions of fumonisins are not yet fully resolved and epidemiological studies suffer from various confounding factors. Correspondingly, the most relevant congener of the fumonisin family (fumonisin B 1 ) has been classified as possibly carcinogenic to humans and maximum limits have been set for corn and corn-based products. However, many non-corn-based products are also susceptible to fumonisin contamination. Indeed, some of them contain very high amounts of fumonisins, but enter the market legally. Furthermore, fumonisin exposure of consumers is probably consistently being underestimated because only a fraction of fumonisins can be detected by routine analysis. The bioavailability and toxicity of most nondetectable (cryptic) forms has not been resolved. In this work, we review the developments of cancer research into fumonisins since their discovery in 1988 until today and provide an overview of the contributions of various foodstuffs to fumonisin exposure, including those products that have been largely neglected in the past. In conclusion, (1) corn remains the principal source of fumonisin ingestion, but fumonisins in non-corn-based commodities require continuous monitoring;(2) cryptic fumonisins should be included in risk assessment studies; and (3) certain population groups (for example children) may suffer from enhanced exposure and could face increased health risks.

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“…Moreover, the titres of aflatoxin-albumin adduct in the serum of case-patients usually exceeded 1000 pg/mg and were 3.6 to 8.2 times higher than in the serum of controls (36-32,800 pg/mg vs 10-4020 pg/mg) [170]. The increase in aflatoxin-albumin adduct titre is a strong indication of the causal link between aflatoxins and the outbreak, the severity of which may have been increased by an additive effect of fumonisins [184].…”

Section: Major Aflatoxicosis Outbreaksmentioning

confidence: 93%

Aflatoxins: Production, Structure, Health Issues and Incidence in Southeast Asian and Sub-Saharan African Countries

Benkerroum¹

2020

Preprint

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This review aimed to update the main aspects of aflatoxin production, occurrence and incidence in selected countries, and associated aflatoxicosis outbreaks. Means to reduce aflatoxin incidence in crops were also presented with an emphasis on the environment-friendly technology using atoxigenic strains of Aspergillus flavus. Aflatoxins are unavoidable widespread natural contaminants of foods and feeds with serious impact on health, agricultural and livestock productivity, and food safety. They are secondary metabolites produced by Aspergillus species distributed on three main sections of the genus (section Flavi, section Ochraceorosei, and section Nidulantes). Poor economic status of a country exacerbates the risk and the extent of crop contamination due to faulty storage conditions that are usually suitable for mold growth and mycotoxin production: temperature of 22 to 29°C and water activity of 0.90 to 0.99. This situation paralleled the prevalence of high liver cancer and the occasional acute aflatoxicosis episodes that have been associated with these regions. Risk assessment studies revealed that Southeast Asian and Sub-Saharan African countries remain at high risk and that, apart from the regulatory standards revision to be more restrictive, other actions to prevent or decontaminate crops are to be taken for adequate public health protection. Indeed, a review of publications on the incidence of aflatoxins in selected foods and feeds from countries whose crops are classically known for their highest contamination with aflatoxins, reveals that despite the intensive efforts made to reduce such an incidence, there has been no clear tendency, with the possible exception of South Africa, towards sustained improvements. Nonetheless, a global risk assessment of the new situation regarding crop contamination with aflatoxins by international organizations with the required expertise is suggested to appraise where we stand presently.

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“…Moreover, the titres of aflatoxin-albumin adduct in the serum of case-patients usually exceeded 1000 pg/mg and were 3.6 to 8.2 times higher than in the serum of controls (36-32,800 pg/mg vs 10-4020 pg/mg) [181]. The increase in aflatoxin-albumin adduct titre is a strong indication of the causal link between aflatoxins and the outbreak, the severity of which may have been increased by an additive effect of fumonisins [195].…”

Section: Major Aflatoxicosis Outbreaksmentioning

confidence: 93%

Aflatoxins: Production, Structure, Health Issues and Incidence in Southeast Asian and Sub-Saharan African Countries

Benkerroum¹

2019

Preprint

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This review aimed to update the main aspects of aflatoxin production, occurrence and incidence in selected countries, and associated aflatoxicosis outbreaks. Means to reduce aflatoxin incidence in crops were also presented with an emphasis on the environment-friendly technology using atoxigenic strains of Aspergillus flavus. Aflatoxins are unavoidable widespread natural contaminants of foods and feeds with serious impact on health, agricultural and livestock productivity, and food safety. They are secondary metabolites produced by Aspergillus species distributed on three main sections of the genus (section Flavi, section Ochraceorosei, and section Nidulantes). Poor economic status of a country exacerbates the risk and the extent of crop contamination due to faulty storage conditions that are usually suitable for mold growth and mycotoxin production: temperature of 22 to 29°C and water activity of 0.90 to 0.99. This situation paralleled the prevalence of high liver cancer and the occasional acute aflatoxicosis episodes that have been associated with these regions. Risk assessment studies revealed that Southeast Asian and Sub-Saharan African countries remain at high risk and that, apart from the regulatory standards revision to be more restrictive, other actions to prevent or decontaminate crops are to be taken for adequate public health protection. Indeed, a review of publications on the incidence of aflatoxins in selected foods and feeds from countries whose crops are classically known for their highest contamination with aflatoxins, reveals that despite the intensive efforts made to reduce such an incidence, there has been no clear tendency, with the possible exception of South Africa, towards sustained improvements. Nonetheless, a global risk assessment of the new situation regarding crop contamination with aflatoxins by international organizations with the required expertise is suggested to appraise where we stand presently.

show abstract

Sequential dietary exposure to aflatoxin B1 and fumonisin B1 in F344 rats increases liver preneoplastic changes indicative of a synergistic interaction

Cited by 45 publications

References 43 publications

Exposure, Occurrence, and Chemistry of Fumonisins and their Cryptic Derivatives

Exposure, Occurrence, and Chemistry of Fumonisins and their Cryptic Derivatives

Aflatoxins: Production, Structure, Health Issues and Incidence in Southeast Asian and Sub-Saharan African Countries

Aflatoxins: Production, Structure, Health Issues and Incidence in Southeast Asian and Sub-Saharan African Countries

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