Sequential effects of cadmium on genotoxicity and lipoperoxidation in Vicia faba roots

Abstract

Kinetics of stress responses to Cd exposure (50, 100 and 200 μM) expanding from 12 to 48 h were studied in roots of hydroponically cultivated-Vicia faba seedlings. The heavy metal induced toxicity symptoms and growth arrest of Vicia roots gradually to the Cd concentration and duration of the treatment. The intracellular oxidative stress was evaluated with the H(2)O(2) production. The H(2)O(2) content increased gradually with the sequestered Cd and root growth inhibition. Lipid peroxidation-evidenced by malondialdehyde (MDA) content and Evans blue uptake-and genotoxicity-evidenced by mitotic index (MI) and micronuclei (MCN) values-were concomitantly investigated in root tips. By 12 h, root meristematic cells lost 15% of their mitotic activity under 50 or 100 μM Cd treatment and 50% under 200 μM Cd treatment and led cells with MCN, while the MDA content and Evans blue absorption were not affected. The loss of membrane integrity occurred subsequently by 24 h. The increase in MDA content in root cells treated with 50, 100 and 200 μM Cd was significantly higher than the control. By 48 h, the MDA content increased 134, 178 or 208% in root cells treated with 50, 100 and 200 μM Cd, respectively. The Evans blue absorption was also affected by 24 h in roots when treated with 200 μM Cd and gradually increase by 48 h with the Cd concentration of the treatment. The decrease of mitotic activity triggered by 12 h was even higher by 24 h and the MI reduced to 44, 56 or 80% compared to the control in the three different Cd concentrations tested. The different kinetics of early in vivo physiological and cytogenetic responses to Cd might be relevant to the characterization of its toxicity mechanisms in disrupting primarily the mitosis process.

Protective effect of wheat germ agglutinin on the course of mitosis in the roots of Triticum aestivum seedlings exposed to cadmium

“…Disturbance of the function of the spindle of cell division is probably caused by the ability of cadmium ions to bind to sulfhydril groups of tubulin where cysteine groups actively participate in the regulation of dynamics of microtubules' assembly [25]. This assumption is corroborated by the data about extension of relative duration of prophases and metaphases under the effect of cadmium acetate and reduction in the level of anaphases and telophases (Fig.…”

Chromosomal and Nuclear Alterations in the Root Tip Cells of Vicia faba Induced by Sodium Chloride

“…The significant difference of the micronuclei frequency between the control and cells exposed to NaCl indicates the sensitivity and the reliability of this test system. Such sensitivity of V. faba roots was also caused by a wide range of other stress conditions such as heavy metal treatments (Souguir et al, 2008(Souguir et al, , 2011Yi et al, 2010), olive mill waste water (El Hajjouji et al, 2007), pesticides (Sta et al, 2012), and diesel exhaust particulate matter (Corrˆea et al, 2016). Recently, an interlaboratory study of seven laboratories from three countries, investigating the robustness of this test for soil or soil materials assessment, confirmed its applicability based on the international ISO 29200 protocol (Cotelle et al, 2015).…”

“…Previous studies reported that the cell division during growth was widely affected by several stress conditions (Firbas and Amon, 2013;Mekki, 2014;Souguir et al, 2011). Under salt stress (40-160 mM), decreases in mitotic index inducing growth inhibition were also investigated in Allium cepa roots (Teerarak et al, 2012).…”

“…As a consequence of microtubule disturbance, the mitotic spindle does not form, causing a misalignment and a chromosome non disjunction during mitosis. The mitotic spindle is targeted by various specific antimitotic agents (Alberts et al, 2002;Souguir et al, 2011), which interfere in the exchange of tubulin subunits between the microtubules and the pool of free tubulins.…”

Metabolic profiling of cadmium-induced effects in one pioneer intertidal halophyte Suaeda salsa by NMR-based metabolomics

“…Chronic oral Cd ingestion can cause the itai-itai disease that is the most severe form of chronic Cd poisoning, and Cd has been classified as a carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) (Takaki et al 2004;Bertin and Averbeck 2006). Cd can also induce oxidative stress and leads to cell death depending on the exposure time due to the increase of reactive oxygen species in cells (Souguir et al 2011;Benavides et al 2005;Company et al 2004). Therefore, it is necessary to assess the toxicological effects in the intertidal organisms induced by Cd using the biomarkers.…”