Sequential extraction of heavy metals from sorptive filter media and sediments trapped in stormwater quality improvement devices for road runoff

Road Pavement, Road Pollution, and Sustainability under Climate Change Increased Temperature

“…Most of the soil particles (89%) are <0.074 mm diameter. This description is within the ranges of particle dust present in road pavements found in the literature [49,51], as well as particulate pollutant fractions [34,41,43,45]. The characteristics of particles found at each road are dependent on site-specific conditions, including surrounding geology, soil type, and land use, as well as on the road pavement materials and vehicle characteristics.…”

“…It has been demonstrated that the discharge of even small concentrations of road runoff pollutants can lead to impacts in confined water bodies (e.g., [47]). It is not just the total concentration that must be evaluated; the fraction of pollutants present in dissolved or particulate form is relevant for impact evaluation and the design of treatment systems [32,48,49]. Several countries have already characterized national road runoff constitution and know which are the most relevant pollutants.…”

“…At least 55% of particles found at a highway and a parking lot surfaces were <0.6 mm. Rommel et al (2021) [49] studied filter media removal of particles from road runoff and found that, according to several authors, they are predominantly present in the fine fraction (<63 µm).…”

Concentration, distribution, and fractionation of metals in the filter material of 29 bioretention facilities: a field study

“…Indeed, Al-Ameri et al 14 reported comparable concentrations for Cu (29 mg kg −1 ), higher concentrations for Pb (30 mg kg −1 ) and Zn (170 mg kg −1 ), and lower concentrations for Cd (0.1 mg kg −1 ) in a study of vegetated biofilters (9–16 years old) with a sandy loam or loamy sand filter medium. Rommel et al 27 reported concentrations in filter material from the top layer (0–5 cm) of bioretention cells (<3 years old) treating road runoff from a highly trafficked road in the Munich area, with comparable ranges for Pb (0.7 times higher) and slightly higher ranges for Ni (2.9 times higher), and 8.0–8.9 times higher for Cu, Cr, and Zn.…”

Geochemical partitioning of Cu and Zn in Pelabuhanratu Bay sediment

“…Extractants were applied in order of increasing reactivity so that the successive fractions obtained corresponded to trace elements associated with less mobile fractions in the sediment (Table 1). The sequential stages of metal use refer to the stages described in [30]. The residual fraction consists of metals associated with very strong bonds, and these metals cannot be separated in the presence of a series of solvents in the previous three stages.…”