Sera from breakthrough infections with SARS-CoV-2 BA.5 or BF.7 showed lower neutralization activity against XBB.1.5 and CH.1.1

Liu, Shuo; Liang, Ze; Nie, Jianhui; Gao, Wei Bo; Li, X Y; Zhang, Li; Yu, Yuanling; Wang, Youchun; Huang, Weijin

doi:10.1080/22221751.2023.2225638

Cited by 16 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Subsequently, from May to July 2023, approximately one-fifth of the population was affected by the XBB wave 7,8 . It is critical to assess whether the immunity in these subpopulations from XBB reinfection remains protective.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…From December 2022 to January 2023, over 80% of China’s population experienced BA.5/BF.7 infections despite receiving three doses of inactivated vaccines. Subsequently, from May to July 2023, approximately one-fifth of the population was affected by the XBB wave 7,8 . It is critical to assess whether the immunity in these subpopulations from XBB reinfection remains protective.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Robust Neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 Variants Including JN.1 and BA.2.87.1 by Trivalent XBB Vaccine-Induced Antibodies

Wang,

Jiang,

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Newly emerged SARS-CoV-2 variants like JN.1, and more recently, the hypermutated BA.2.87.1, have raised global concern. We recruited two groups of participants who had BA.5/BF.7 breakthrough infection post three doses of inactivated vaccines: one group experienced subsequent XBB reinfection, while the other received the XBB-containing trivalent WSK-V102C vaccine. Our comparative analysis of their serum neutralization activities revealed that the WSK-V102C vaccine induced stronger antibody responses against a wide range of variants, notably including JN.1 and the highly escaped BA.2.87.1. Furthermore, our investigation into specific mutations revealed that fragment deletions in NTD significantly contribute to the immune evasion of the BA.2.87.1 variant. Our findings emphasize the necessity for ongoing vaccine development and adaptation to address the dynamic nature of SARS-CoV-2 variants.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Robust Neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 Variants Including JN.1 and BA.2.87.1 by Trivalent XBB Vaccine-Induced Antibodies

Wang,

Jiang,

et al. 2024

Preprint

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“…After receiving three doses of inactivated virus vaccination, >80% of the Chinese population experienced BA.5/BF.7 infection at the end of 2022 and early 2023 7 and 1/5 of the population was infected in the XBB wave from May to July 2023 (unpublished data). These shaped two major subpopulations: the BA.5‐convalescent and XBB‐convalescent, who had consecutive infection of BA.5 and XBB sublineages, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…After receiving three doses of inactivated virus vaccination, >80% of the Chinese population experienced BA.5/BF.7 infection at the end of 2022 and early 2023 7…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune escape of BA.2.86 is comparable to XBB subvariants from the plasma of BA.5‐ and BA.5‐XBB‐convalescent subpopulations

Yang,

Wang,

Liang

et al. 2024

Journal of Medical Virology

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The EG.5.1 variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) has been prevalent since mid‐July 2023 in the United States and China. The variant BA.2.86 has become a major concern because it is 34 mutations away from the parental variant BA.2 and >30 mutations from XBB.1.5. There is an urgent need to evaluate whether the immunity of the population and current vaccines are protective against EG.5.1 and BA.2.86. Based on a cohort of two breakthrough‐infected groups, the levels of neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) against different subvariants were measured using pseudovirus‐based neutralization assays. XBB.1.5, EG.5.1, and BA.2.86 are comparably immune‐evasive from neutralization by the plasma of individuals recovered from BA.5 infection (BA.5‐convalescent) or XBB.1.9.2/XBB.1.5 infection following BA.5 infection (BA.5‐XBB‐convalescent). NAb levels against EG.5.1 and BA.2.86 subvariants remained >120 geometric mean titers (GMTs) in BA.5‐XBB‐convalescent individuals 2 months postinfection but were <40 GMTs in BA.5‐convalescent individuals. Furthermore, the XBB‐targeting messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccine RQ3033 induced higher levels of NAbs against XBB.1.5, EG.5.1, and BA.2.86 than against BA.5‐XBB infection. The results suggest that BA.2.86 and EG.5.1 are unlikely to cause more severe concerns than the currently circulating XBB subvariants and that the XBB.1.5‐targeting mRNA vaccine tested has promising protection against EG.5.1 and BA.2.86.

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“…Nonetheless, the presently circulating Omicron XBB descendant lineages such as XBB 1.5, XBB 1.16, XBB 1.9, XBB 2.3, and EG.5.1, and, additionally, the CH.1.1 variant, a descendant of the Omicron BA.2.75, are rapidly spreading in many European countries [ 5 ]. These subvariants carry additional spike mutations that provide a substantially higher angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) binding affinity and impaired binding ability of antibodies induced by the first-generation booster vaccines, making these descendant lineages extremely transmissible and remarkably evasive against neutralization [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 ]. Another concern is that the immunity acquired by natural SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccination wanes over time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Term SARS-CoV-2-Specific Humoral and T Cell Responses after the BNT162b2 or BBIBP-CorV Booster and the Incidence of Breakthrough Infections among Healthcare Workers

Matula,

Bekő,

Király

et al. 2023

Vaccines

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The effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines developed against the original virus strain deteriorated noticeably in efficacy against the Omicron variant (B.1.1.529). Moreover, the immunity developed after vaccination or due to natural infection rapidly waned. In the present study, covering this period, we summarize the incidence of breakthrough infections among healthcare workers (HCWs) with respect to administration of the three vaccine doses. Additionally, we evaluate the long-term SARS-CoV-2-specific humoral and T cell responses at two different time points: six and twelve months after receipt of the third (booster) dose. The spike-protein-specific antibody levels and the quantity of structural-protein-specific T cells were evaluated at these time points and compared with the values measured earlier, 14 days after the booster vaccination. The study participants were categorized into two cohorts: Members of the first cohort received a two-dose BNT162b2 mRNA-based vaccine regimen, followed by an additional BNT162b2 booster six months later. Individuals in the second cohort received an inactivated-virus-based BBIBP-CorV booster six months after the initial two-dose BNT162b2 vaccination. Overall, 64.3% of participants were infected with SARS-CoV-2 confirmed by PCR or antigen test; however, additional subjects from the first cohort (23%) who did not know about their previous infection but had an anti-nucleocapsid T cell response were also considered virus-experienced. According to our results, no statistically significant difference was found between the two cohorts regarding the SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell response, neutralizing anti-RBD IgG, and anti-S IgA serum antibody levels either six or twelve months after receiving the booster, despite the overall higher median values of the first cohort. The only significant difference was the higher anti-S1/S2 IgG antibody level in the first cohort one year after the BNT162b2 booster (p = 0.039). In summary, the BNT162b2 and BBIBP-CorV boosters maintain durable humoral and T cell-mediated immune memory even one year after application. Although the booster provided limited protection against Omicron breakthrough infections, as 73.6% of these infections occurred after the booster vaccination, which means 53.5% cumulative incidence, it still offered excellent protection against severe disease and hospitalization in both cohorts.

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Sera from breakthrough infections with SARS-CoV-2 BA.5 or BF.7 showed lower neutralization activity against XBB.1.5 and CH.1.1

Cited by 16 publications

References 13 publications

Robust Neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 Variants Including JN.1 and BA.2.87.1 by Trivalent XBB Vaccine-Induced Antibodies

Robust Neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 Variants Including JN.1 and BA.2.87.1 by Trivalent XBB Vaccine-Induced Antibodies

Immune escape of BA.2.86 is comparable to XBB subvariants from the plasma of BA.5‐ and BA.5‐XBB‐convalescent subpopulations

Long-Term SARS-CoV-2-Specific Humoral and T Cell Responses after the BNT162b2 or BBIBP-CorV Booster and the Incidence of Breakthrough Infections among Healthcare Workers

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