Serial alterations in digital hemodynamics and endothelin-1 immunoreactivity, platelet-neutrophil aggregation, and concentrations of nitric oxide, insulin, and glucose in blood obtained from horses following carbohydrate overload

Eades, Susan C.; Stokes, Ashley M.; Johnson, Philip J.; LeBlanc, Casey J.; Ganjam, Venkataseshu K.; Buff, Preston R.; Moore, Rustin M.

doi:10.2460/ajvr.68.1.87

Cited by 57 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…12 Insulin resistance might also predispose horses to laminitis by inducing endothelial cell dysfunction. 51,52 In a recent study in horses, Eades et al 52 determined that digital venous blood endothelin-1 concentrations were significantly higher than baseline values at 11 hours after carbohydrate was administered to induce laminitis. 50 It has previously been shown that endothelin-1 concentrations are higher in laminar connective tissues from horses with laminitis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of an intravenous endotoxin challenge on glucose and insulin dynamics in horses

Tóth¹,

Frank²,

Elliott³

et al. 2008

ajvr

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of an intravenous endotoxin challenge on glucose and insulin dynamics in horses

Tóth¹,

Frank²,

Elliott³

et al. 2008

ajvr

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“…Moreover, the increased platelet/leukocyte microvascular adhesiveness that is reported in insulinresistant individuals likely augments the participating role of neutrophils in the development of laminitis resulting from endotoxemia, carbohydrate overload, systemic inflammation, and severe gastrointestinal disturbances. 44 Recent experimental work showed that acute laminitis could be directly induced by insulin through maintenance of a supraphysiologic plasma insulin concentration over the course of several days in a euglycemic clamp experiment. 45,46 However, in these experiments, the plasma insulin concentrations that were associated with the development of laminitis significantly exceeded those that are reported for horses and ponies affected with EMS.…”

Section: Recognition and Objective Measurement Of Obesity In Horsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laminitis and the Equine Metabolic Syndrome

Johnson

Wiedmeyer

LaCarrubba

et al. 2010

Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice

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Although much has been written about laminitis in the context of its association with inflammatory processes, such as dietary carbohydrate overload and endotoxemia, [1][2][3][4][5] recognition is growing that most cases of laminitis examined by veterinarians in private practice are those associated with pasture grazing, obesity, and insulin resistance (IR). 6,7 The term endocrinopathic laminitis has been adopted to classify the instances of laminitis in which the origin seems to be more strongly associated with an underlying endocrinopathy, such as either IR or the influence of corticosteroids. [8][9][10][11] Results of a recent study suggest that obesity and IR represent the most common metabolic and endocrinopathic predispositions for laminitis in horses. 6,12 IR also plays an important role in the pathogenesis of laminitis that develops when some horses or ponies are allowed to graze pastures at certain times of the year (pasture-associated laminitis [PAL]). [12][13][14][15] Moreover, IR is provoked by and contributes to pathophysiologic processes associated with endotoxemia and systemic inflammation under the more classic circumstances associated with risk for acute laminitis, such as grain overload, retention of fetal membranes, and gastroenteritis. 16,17 However, a recent study using the oligofructose model showed that experimentally induced laminitis was not associated with a loss of insulin sensitivity. 18 The term equine metabolic syndrome (EMS) has been proposed as a label for horses whose clinical examination results (including both physical examination and laboratory testing) suggest heightened risk for developing laminitis as a result of underlying IR. 19 EMS is not a disease per se, but rather is a clustering of clinical abnormalities that, when identified collectively in a given patient, indicates that the likelihood of developing laminitis is greater than in individuals lacking the EMS criteria. Use of the term EMS is especially practical for distinguishing affected horses from those affected with either Cushing's (pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction [PPID]) or hypothyroidism, with which EMS is often confused. 19 The clinical importance of diagnosing EMS centers on the fact that recognized risk factors for laminitis can subsequently be avoided in the affected individual. Preventive measures aimed at reducing the risk for laminitis should be rigorously emphasized in EMS-affected horses and ponies.Recently, the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine (ACVIM) commissioned a panel of EMS-interested specialists to develop a consensus statement that would help define the syndrome based on current knowledge. 20 During development of the consensus statement, contents of the working draft were presented and discussed at the ACVIM Annual Forum in Montreal, Canada and some of the following comments will be based on those discussions. 20 Ongoing experimental and clinical studies will help better define EMS (which is distinctly different to the human metabolic syndrome 21 ) in the next few years. D...

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“…Alterations in endothelial cells have been reported during laminitis in horse (Eades et al, 2007). The end result of altered endothelial function during laminitis may be creation of a pro-inflammatory state (Eades, 2010).…”

Section: Discussion:-mentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunolocalization of pro-inflammatory cytokines in normal and inflamed hoof of buffalo calves.

Rs¹,

IJAR²,

Mukhopadhyay³

et al. 2016

IJAR

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Serial alterations in digital hemodynamics and endothelin-1 immunoreactivity, platelet-neutrophil aggregation, and concentrations of nitric oxide, insulin, and glucose in blood obtained from horses following carbohydrate overload

Abstract: In horses, concurrent increases in venous blood ET-1 immunoreactivity, insulin and glucose concentrations, and platelet-neutrophil aggregates support a role of endothelial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of CHO-induced laminitis.

Cited by 57 publications

References 35 publications

Effects of an intravenous endotoxin challenge on glucose and insulin dynamics in horses

Effects of an intravenous endotoxin challenge on glucose and insulin dynamics in horses

Laminitis and the Equine Metabolic Syndrome

Immunolocalization of pro-inflammatory cytokines in normal and inflamed hoof of buffalo calves.

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