Serial Section-Based Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of Anaxagorea (Annonaceae) Carpel Vasculature and Implications for the Morphological Relationship between the Carpel and the Ovule

Li, Ya; Du, Wei; Chen, Ye; Wang, Shuai; Wang, Xiaofan

doi:10.3390/plants10102221

Cited by 2 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The fruits of A. luzonensis are greenish colored, and fruits mature with explosive mode (Lestari 2014). The flower of A. luzonensis is trimerous with a whorl of sepals, have numerous stamens, and usually exhibits 2-4 completely separate carpels (Li et al 2021).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5-7 per flower, apocarpous, glabrous, fleshy, stigma light brown, style white, ovule yellow (Figure 5E). The carpel is apocarpous with a long and conspicuous style (Li et al 2021). Each carpel from Anaxagorea spp.…”

Section: Flower Biologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Each carpel from Anaxagorea spp. could become one of this genus's important characteristics (Li et al 2020).…”

Section: Flower Biologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Flowering and fruiting phenology of Anaxagorea luzonensis A. Gray (Annonaceae)

Lestari¹,

NINGRUM²,

NADA

et al. 2023

Biodiversitas

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Abstract. Lestari DA, Ningrum LW, Nada FMH, Pradipta NN, Harsono DR. 2023. Flowering and fruiting phenology of Anaxagorea luzonensis A. Gray (Annonaceae). Biodiversitas 24: 784-792. Anaxagorea luzonensis is one of the critical plant collections from the Annonaceae family, with only one specimen in Purwodadi Botanic Garden (PBG). In protecting these plants, it is necessary to know the process of flowering and fruiting through the phenological process. This research is expected to observe plant propagation, physiology, environmental response, and increased reproductive success. The aim of this research is to know the details of flowering and fruiting phenology stages, determine reproductive success, and explain the floral biology of A. luzonensis. Research on the flowering and fruiting phenology of A. luzonensis was carried out from December 2021 – November 2022 in one season at PBG. The method is observative, including changes in color, shape, and size of flowers and fruit in each phenological stage. In addition, the method includes the count of reproductive success and observation of the A. luzonensis flower. This study's results stated that the flowering and fruiting phenology of A. luzonensis experienced a shorter flowering time than fruiting time and a low percentage (<30%) of reproductive success. Flowering stages are divided into five stages, i.e. initiation, flower bud, before bloom, bloom, and anthesis; fruiting stages are divided into three stages, i.e. immature-sized, mature-sized, and ripe fruit, which occurred in period 73-121 ± 85 days. Environmental and genetic factors cause the low value of reproductive success. This research can be useful for the conservation strategy of A. luzonensis, especially for reproduction biology and seed conservation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Flower Biologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Flowering and fruiting phenology of Anaxagorea luzonensis A. Gray (Annonaceae)

Lestari¹,

NINGRUM²,

NADA

et al. 2023

Biodiversitas

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“…And Santos and Wang [28] referred to the Unifying Theory [29], according to which the carpel is "a composite organ comprising two parts of different nature". Vasculature has also been used as supporting evidence for this notion [30].…”

Section: Redefining the Carpelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morpho Evo-Devo of the Gynoecium: Heterotopy, Redefinition of the Carpel, and a Topographic Approach

Sattler

2024

Plants

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Since the 19th century, we have had countless debates, sometimes acrimonious, about the nature of the gynoecium. A pivotal question has been whether all angiosperms possess carpels or if some or all angiosperms are acarpellate. We can resolve these debates if we do not define the carpel as a closed megasporophyll but simply as an appendage that encloses the placenta or a single ovule. This redefinition may, however, lead to confusion because often it may not be clear whether the traditional (classical) definition of the carpel or the redefinition is implied. Therefore, a topographic approach is proposed that is compatible with the redefinition. According to this approach, gynoecia comprise one or more gynoecial appendages and placentas or single ovules that may be formed in different positions. Heterotopy refers to these different positions. In the context of evo-devo, which explores evolutionary changes in development, morpho evo-devo delves into spatial shifts of the placentas and ovules leading to heterotopy. Furthermore, it considers shifts in timing (heterochrony) and other processes leading to heteromorphy. Recognizing spatial shifting of the placentas or a single ovule and other evolutionary processes opens up new vistas in the search for the ancestor(s) of angiosperms and their gynoecia.

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Serial Section-Based Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of Anaxagorea (Annonaceae) Carpel Vasculature and Implications for the Morphological Relationship between the Carpel and the Ovule

Cited by 2 publications

References 41 publications

Flowering and fruiting phenology of Anaxagorea luzonensis A. Gray (Annonaceae)

Flowering and fruiting phenology of Anaxagorea luzonensis A. Gray (Annonaceae)

Morpho Evo-Devo of the Gynoecium: Heterotopy, Redefinition of the Carpel, and a Topographic Approach

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