Serine protease Bm-SP142 was differentially expressed in resistant and susceptible Bombyx mori strains, involving in the defence response to viral infection

Li, Guohui; Zhou, Qian; Qiu, Lipeng; Yao, Qin; Chen, Keping; Tang, Qi; Hu, Zhaoyang

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0175518

Cited by 17 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(37 reference statements)

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“…Many digestive-related proteases are only expressed in the midgut or are highly expressed in the midgut. For example, the serine proteases (SP), a major class of digestive proteases accounting for 95% of digestive activity in Lepidoptera, showed similar expression profiles to that of BmLHA in the B. mori [39][40][41][42]. While the BmLHA expressed at lower levels in the Malpighian tube and other tissues.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, the expression level of BmLHA was higher in the first day of fifth instar compared to the fourth day of fourth instar prior to the moulting stage, and demonstrated very low expression during the moulting stage. Liu et al [40] found that the expression level of BmSP36 was regulated by juvenile hormone (JH), with the same expression profiles in different moulting stages. At the same time, Zhang et al [27] demonstrated that B. mori pancreatic lipase-like gene (BmPLLG) is involved in pheromone biosynthesis via activation of neuropeptide (PBAN)-induced sex pheromone biosynthesis and released by influencing bombykol production.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Novel Digestive Proteinase Lipase Member H-A in Bombyx mori Contributes to Digestive Juice Antiviral Activity against B. mori Nucleopolyhedrovirus

Zhang

Zhu

You

et al. 2020

Insects

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Previous studies have revealed that some proteins in Bombyx mori larvae digestive juice show antiviral activity. Here, based on the label-free proteomics data, BmLipase member H-A (BmLHA) was identified as being involved in the response to BmNPV infection in B. mori larvae digestive juice. In the present study, a gene encoding the BmLHA protein in B. mori was characterized. The protein has an open reading fragment of 999 bp, encoding a predicted 332 amino acid residue-protein with a molecular weight of approximately 35.9 kDa. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that BmLHA shares a close genetic distance with Papilio xuthus Lipase member H-A. BmLHA was highly expressed in the middle part of the B. mori gut, and the expression level increased with instar rising in larvae. There was higher expression of BmLHA in A35 than in P50 strains, and it was upregulated in both A35 and P50 strains, following BmNPV infection. The expression level of VP39 decreased significantly in appropriate recombinant-BmLHA-treated groups compared with the PBS-treated group in B. mori larvae and BmN cells. Meanwhile, overexpression of BmLHA significantly reduced the infectivity of BmNPV in BmN cells. These results indicated that BmLHA did not have digestive function but had anti-BmNPV activity. Taken together, our work provides valuable data for the clarification of the molecular characterization BmLHA and supplements research on proteins of anti-BmNPV activity in B. mori.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Digestive Proteinase Lipase Member H-A in Bombyx mori Contributes to Digestive Juice Antiviral Activity against B. mori Nucleopolyhedrovirus

Zhang

Zhu

You

et al. 2020

Insects

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“…Insights into the atomic level of SerPs structure–function link reveal the significance of the catalytic Ser motions [ 201 , 202 ]. Notably, an evolutionarily conserved catalytic domain Ser–His–Asp contains Ser residue [ 203 , 204 ] providing sensitivity to the AAs racemization. It is in the agreement with a well-known fact that incorporation D-AAs into peptide chain diminishes their susceptibility to proteases [ 205 ].…”

Section: Chirality At Protein Level: Role In Ptmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Racemization in Post-Translational Modifications Relevance to Protein Aging, Aggregation and Neurodegeneration: Tip of the Iceberg

2021

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Homochirality of DNA and prevalent chirality of free and protein-bound amino acids in a living organism represents the challenge for modern biochemistry and neuroscience. The idea of an association between age-related disease, neurodegeneration, and racemization originated from the studies of fossils and cataract disease. Under the pressure of new results, this concept has a broader significance linking protein folding, aggregation, and disfunction to an organism’s cognitive and behavioral functions. The integrity of cognitive function is provided by a delicate balance between the evolutionarily imposed molecular homo-chirality and the epigenetic/developmental impact of spontaneous and enzymatic racemization. The chirality of amino acids is the crucial player in the modulation the structure and function of proteins, lipids, and DNA. The collapse of homochirality by racemization is the result of the conformational phase transition. The racemization of protein-bound amino acids (spontaneous and enzymatic) occurs through thermal activation over the energy barrier or by the tunnel transfer effect under the energy barrier. The phase transition is achieved through the intermediate state, where the chirality of alpha carbon vanished. From a thermodynamic consideration, the system in the homo-chiral (single enantiomeric) state is characterized by a decreased level of entropy. The oscillating protein chirality is suggesting its distinct significance in the neurotransmission and flow of perceptual information, adaptive associative learning, and cognitive laterality. The common pathological hallmarks of neurodegenerative disorders include protein misfolding, aging, and the deposition of protease-resistant protein aggregates. Each of the landmarks is influenced by racemization. The brain region, cell type, and age-dependent racemization critically influence the functions of many intracellular, membrane-bound, and extracellular proteins including amyloid precursor protein (APP), TAU, PrP, Huntingtin, α-synuclein, myelin basic protein (MBP), and collagen. The amyloid cascade hypothesis in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) coexists with the failure of amyloid beta (Aβ) targeting drug therapy. According to our view, racemization should be considered as a critical factor of protein conformation with the potential for inducing order, disorder, misfolding, aggregation, toxicity, and malfunctions.

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“…Nakazawa and Ponnuvel [9,10] previously reported that alkaline trypsin and SP-2 purified from the digestive juice of B. mori larvae had strong antiviral activity against BmNPV under in vitro conditions. Bm-SP142 could effectively impair the ability of the virus to infect BmN cells and silkworms, and overexpression of Bm-SP142 could inhibit viral propagation in BmN cells [40]. Additionally, Chen et al [41] found that the some anti-BmNPV genes expressed significantly higher in the resistant strains compared to susceptible strains.…”

Section: Enzymes Response To Bmnpv Infection In Different Resistant Smentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative label-free proteomic analysis reveals differentially expressed proteins in the digestive juice of resistant versus susceptible silkworm strains and their predicted impacts on BmNPV infection

Zhang

Wang

Zhu

et al. 2020

Journal of Proteomics

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Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) is a major pathogen causing severe economic loss. Previous studies have revealed that some proteins in silkworm digestive juice show antiviral activity. In this study, antiviral activity examination of different resistant strains showed that the digestive juice of the resistant strain (A35) had higher inhibition to virus than the susceptible strain (P50). Subsequently, the label-free quantitative proteomics was used to study the midgut digestive juice response to BmNPV infection in P50 and A35 strains. A total of 98 proteins were identified, of which 80 were differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) with 54 enzymes and 26 nonenzymatic proteins by comparing the proteomes of infected and non-infected P50 and A35 silkworms. These DEPs are mainly involved in metabolism, proteolysis, neuroactive ligand receptor interaction, starch and sucrose metabolism and glutathione metabolism. After removing the genetic background and individual immune stress response proteins, 9 DEPs were identified potentially involved in resistance to BmNPV. Further studies showed that a serine protease, an alkaline phosphatase and serine protease inhibitor 2 isoform X1 were differentially expressed in A35 compared to P50 or post BmNPV infection. Taken together, these results provide insights into the potential mechanisms for silkworm digestive juice to provide resistance to BmNPV infection.Signifcance: Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) is highly pathogenic, which has a great impact on the sericulture. BmNPV entered the midgut lumen and exposed to digestive juices after oral infection. Previous studies have revealed that some proteins in silkworm digestive juice show antiviral activity, however, current information on the digestive juice proteome of high resistant silkworm strain after BmNPV challenge compared to susceptible strain is incomprehensive. Here, we combined label-free quantification method, bioinformatics, RT-qPCR and western blot analysis and found that BmNPV infection causes some protein changes in the silkworm midgut digestive juice. The DEPs were identified in the digestive juices of different resistant strains following BmNPV infection, and screened out some proteins potentially related to resistance to BmNPV. Three important differentially expression proteins were validated by independent approaches. These findings uncover the potential role of silkworm digestive juice in providing resistance to BmNPV and supplemented the profile of the proteome of the digestive juices in B. mori.

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Serine protease Bm-SP142 was differentially expressed in resistant and susceptible Bombyx mori strains, involving in the defence response to viral infection

Cited by 17 publications

References 34 publications

A Novel Digestive Proteinase Lipase Member H-A in Bombyx mori Contributes to Digestive Juice Antiviral Activity against B. mori Nucleopolyhedrovirus

A Novel Digestive Proteinase Lipase Member H-A in Bombyx mori Contributes to Digestive Juice Antiviral Activity against B. mori Nucleopolyhedrovirus

Racemization in Post-Translational Modifications Relevance to Protein Aging, Aggregation and Neurodegeneration: Tip of the Iceberg

Quantitative label-free proteomic analysis reveals differentially expressed proteins in the digestive juice of resistant versus susceptible silkworm strains and their predicted impacts on BmNPV infection

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