Seroepidemiology of the recent mumps virus outbreaks in Ireland

Hassan, Jaythoon; Dean, Jonathan; Moss, Eibhlín; Carr, Michael J.; Hall, William W.; Connell, Jeff

doi:10.1016/j.jcv.2011.12.022

Cited by 17 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Most of the persons affected in the epidemic were male, a finding also observed in other studies ( 15 , 16 ). The reasons for male predominance are unclear, but significantly higher mumps antibody titers in female than in male persons have been demonstrated ( 13 , 17 ); this finding, in turn, may be linked to gender-associated genetic differences in immune response.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Epidemic of Mumps among Vaccinated Persons, the Netherlands, 2009–2012

Sane¹,

Gouma²,

Koopmans³

et al. 2014

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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To analyze the epidemiology of a nationwide mumps epidemic in the Netherlands, we reviewed 1,557 notified mumps cases in persons who had disease onset during September 1, 2009–August 31, 2012. Seasonality peaked in spring and autumn. Most case-patients were males (59%), 18–25 years of age (67.9%), and vaccinated twice with measles-mumps-rubella vaccine (67.7%). Nearly half (46.6%) of cases occurred in university students or in persons with student contacts. Receipt of 2 doses of vaccine reduced the risk for orchitis, the most frequently reported complication (vaccine effectiveness [VE] 74%, 95% CI 57%–85%); complications overall (VE 76%, 95% CI 61%–86%); and hospitalization (VE 82%, 95% CI 53%–93%). Over time, the age distribution of case-patients changed, and proportionally more cases were reported from nonuniversity cities (p<0.001). Changes in age and geographic distribution over time may reflect increased immunity among students resulting from intense exposure to circulating mumps virus.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Epidemic of Mumps among Vaccinated Persons, the Netherlands, 2009–2012

Sane¹,

Gouma²,

Koopmans³

et al. 2014

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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“…2,3 Although it was assumed that mumps vaccination induces life-long protection, 4 several mumps outbreaks, especially among vaccinated student populations, have been reported during the last decade in various countries where mumps vaccination has been implemented into their national immunization programs. [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] In 2009-2012, a mumps epidemic (genotype G) arose that spread across multiple locations within the Netherlands, in which also primarily vaccinated students were affected. 15 Waning of vaccine-induced immunity has been suggested to play a role in these outbreaks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…15 Waning of vaccine-induced immunity has been suggested to play a role in these outbreaks. [6][7][8][9][10]13,14 When compared to the other components in the MMR vaccine, the mumps component seemed to be the least effective in eliciting good (high avidity) antibody responses, which were shown to wane to lower levels and in avidity index 20 y after a second MMR vaccination. 16 Furthermore, vaccine-induced antibody concentrations measured against a (heterologous) genotype G virus were shown to be approximately one half the concentrations measured against the vaccine strain (genotype A; Jeryl Lynn).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics of the serologic response in vaccinated and unvaccinated mumps cases during an epidemic

Kaaijk

Gouma

Hulscher

et al. 2015

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

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Abbreviations: MMR, measles mumps and rubella; ND 50 , reciprocal virus-neutralizing antibody dose; VN, virus-neutralizing antibody; RU/ml, RIVM units per ml; GMC, geometric mean concentration; 95% CI, lower and upper 95% confidence intervals of GMCIn the last decade, several mumps outbreaks were reported in various countries despite high vaccination coverage. In most cases, young adults were affected who have acquired immunity against mumps solely by vaccination and not by previous wild-type mumps virus infection. To investigate mumps-specific antibody levels, functionality and dynamics during a mumps epidemic, blood samples were obtained longitudinally from 23 clinical mumps cases, with or without a prior history of vaccination, and from 20 healthy persons with no serological evidence of recent mumps virus infection. Blood samples from mumps cases were taken 1-2 months and 7-10 months after onset of disease. Both vaccinated and unvaccinated mumps cases had significantly higher geomean concentrations of mumps-specific IgG (resp. 13,617 RU/ml (95% CI of 9,574-19,367 RU/ml) vs. 1,552 (445-5412) RU/ml at 1-2 months; and 6,514 (5,247-8,088) RU/ml vs. 1,143 (480-2,725) RU/ml at 7-10 months) than healthy controls (169 (135-210) RU/ml) (p D 0.001). Patterns in virus-neutralizing (VN) antibody responses against the mumps vaccine virus were similar, vaccinated and unvaccinated mumps cases had significantly higher ND 50 values at both time points of sampling (resp 4,695 (3,779-5,832) RU/ml vs. 1,533 (832-2,825) RU/ml at 1-2 months; 2,478 (1,968-3,122) RU/ml vs. 1,221 (1,029-1,449) RU/ml at 7-10 months) compared with (previously vaccinated) healthy controls (122 (196-76)) RU/ml) (p D 0.001) The unvaccinated mumps cases had significantly lower mumps-specific IgG and VN antibody concentrations at both sampling points compared with previously vaccinated cases, but their antibody concentrations did not differ significantly at the 2 time points. In contrast, the mumps-specific IgG and VN antibody concentrations of the previously vaccinated mumps cases were significantly higher within the first 2 months after onset of mumps and declined thereafter, characteristic for a secondary response. A moderate correlation was found between the level of mumps-specific IgG serum antibodies and VN antibodies for the mumps cases (r D 0.64; p<0.001).

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“…The Jeryl Lynn vaccine strain (JL) is the most widely used globally and the only strain ever used in the United States (licensed in 1967) [1]. Even though the JL vaccine has been shown to be safe and efficacious [1, 5–9], recent large outbreaks have occurred in the United States and worldwide despite high vaccine coverage [10–13]. After nearly a decade of only a few hundred mumps cases being reported annually in the US, in 2006 over 6,500 mumps cases were reported [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Establishing a small animal model for evaluating protective immunity against mumps virus

Pickar

Elson

et al. 2017

PLoS ONE

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Although mumps vaccines have been used for several decades, protective immune correlates have not been defined. Recently, mumps outbreaks have occurred in vaccinated populations. To better understand the causes of the outbreaks and to develop means to control outbreaks in mumps vaccine immunized populations, defining protective immune correlates will be critical. Unfortunately, no small animal model for assessing mumps immunity exists. In this study, we evaluated use of type I interferon (IFN) alpha/beta receptor knockout mice (IFN-α/βR−/−) for such a model. We found these mice to be susceptible to mumps virus administered intranasally and intracranially. Passive transfer of purified IgG from immunized mice protected naïve mice from mumps virus infection, confirming the role of antibody in protection and demonstrating the potential for this model to evaluate mumps immunity.

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Seroepidemiology of the recent mumps virus outbreaks in Ireland

Cited by 17 publications

References 24 publications

Epidemic of Mumps among Vaccinated Persons, the Netherlands, 2009–2012

Epidemic of Mumps among Vaccinated Persons, the Netherlands, 2009–2012

Dynamics of the serologic response in vaccinated and unvaccinated mumps cases during an epidemic

Establishing a small animal model for evaluating protective immunity against mumps virus

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