Backgroundâ Currently numerous countries in Asia, Africa and Europe are encountering highly pathogenic avian influenza (AI) infections in poultry and humans. In the Americas, home of the worldâs largest poultry exporters, contingency plans are being developed and evaluated in preparation for the arrival of these viral strains.
Objectivesâ With this crossâsectional study, to our knowledge the first in its kind in Central or South America, we sought to learn whether Peruvian poultry workers had evidence of previous AI infection and if so, to determine the risk factors for infection.
Methodsâ We performed a crossâsectional seroprevalence study among 149 workers on a Peruvian poultry farm (132 exposed to poultry and 17 nonâexposed controls), serum samples were tested for human influenza virus exposure using a hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay. Microneutralization assays were performed on all serum samples to detect antibodies against prototypic AI strains H4 through H12.
Resultsâ Using multivariate proportional odds modeling we found that the prevalence of elevated titers against AI viruses was low in both groups, exposed and nonâexposed controls.
Conclusionsâ No evidence of previous AI infection among Peruvian poultry workers was found in this first crossâsectional study performed in South America. This first occupational study of AI in Latin America was encouraging, but it likely reflects the sector of poultry production with higher biosecurity.