Serological and molecular methods for the detection of hepatitis B virus infections

Abstract

Introduction: the hepatitis B virus has the ability to severely infect the liver and cause both acute and chronic infections. It belongs to the Hepadnaviridae family, is composed of partially double-stranded DNA, and contains four open reading frames (ORFs): ORF S (surface), C (core), P (polymerase), and X (HBx). The diagnosis is primarily based on detecting the surface antigen (HBsAg) and human antibodies against these antigens through immunological methods. Similarly, molecular methods such as PCR, qPCR, and LAMP are currently used, offering higher sensitivity and specificity. Objective: to review the effectiveness of serological and molecular methods in detecting hepatitis B virus infections.Methods: a systematic review was performed using the PRISMA method. Clinical trials, systematic reviews, and books addressing serological and molecular methods for detecting hepatitis B virus infections were included.Results: out of a total of 187 studies, 23 relevant articles were included in the review, providing valuable information on the serological and molecular methods used for detecting hepatitis B virus infections.Conclusion: serological methods are highly useful for the early detection of the virus, especially in low- and middle-income countries due to their low cost. Likewise, molecular methods are valuable for quantifying viral DNA and providing proper treatment monitoring, demonstrating higher sensitivity and specificity