Serological Evidence of Hepatitis E Virus Infection in an Indigenous North American Population

Gy, Minuk; Sun, Ai-wu; Sun, DF; Uhanova, Julia; Nicolle, LE; Larke, Bryce; Giulivi, Antonio

doi:10.1155/2007/289059

Cited by 36 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…A prevalence of 3% for hepatitis E virus (HEV) amongst Canadian Inuit within the Arctic region was reported [140]. Consumption of deer meat has been reported to transmit HEV, via fecal-oral route.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serological and molecular epidemiological outcomes after two decades of universal infant hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination in Nunavut, Canada

Huynh¹,

Minuk

Uhanova

et al. 2017

Vaccine

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serological and molecular epidemiological outcomes after two decades of universal infant hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination in Nunavut, Canada

Huynh¹,

Minuk

Uhanova

et al. 2017

Vaccine

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“…Accumulating evidence suggests that sporadic infection occurs through a zoonotic route and is not limited to developing countries. Seroprevalence suggests hepatitis E infection may also be prevalent in high-income countries (21), such as the United States (17), the United Kingdom (3), and Japan (18). The overall mortality rate of HEV infection during an outbreak generally ranges from 1 to 15%, and the highest mortality occurs in pregnant women, with fatality rates of up to 30% (19).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial Configuration of Hepatitis E Virus Antigenic Domain

Wang

et al. 2011

J Virol

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Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a human pathogen that causes acute hepatitis. When an HEV capsid protein containing a 52-amino-acid deletion at the C terminus and a 111-amino-acid deletion at the N terminus is expressed in insect cells, the recombinant HEV capsid protein can self-assemble into a T‫1؍‬ virus-like particle (VLP) that retains the antigenicity of the native HEV virion. In this study, we used cryoelectron microscopy and image reconstruction to show that anti-HEV monoclonal antibodies bind to the protruding domain of the capsid protein at the lateral side of the spikes. Molecular docking of the HEV VLP crystal structure revealed that Fab224 covered three surface loops of the recombinant truncated second open reading frame (ORF2) protein (PORF2) at the top part of the spike. We also determined the structure of a chimeric HEV VLP and located the inserted B-cell tag, an epitope of 11 amino acids coupled to the C-terminal end of the recombinant ORF2 protein. The binding site of Fab224 appeared to be distinct from the location of the inserted B-cell tag, suggesting that the chimeric VLP could elicit immunity against both HEV and an inserted foreign epitope. Therefore, the T‫1؍‬ HEV VLP is a novel delivery system for displaying foreign epitopes at the VLP surface in order to induce antibodies against both HEV and the inserted epitope.Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a causative agent of acute hepatitis in humans and is primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route. HEV is thus resistant to the low pH and digestive enzymes associated with the stomach and gastrointestinal tract. HEV regularly causes epidemics in many tropical and subtropical countries. In India, 101 outbreaks were confirmed by serological analysis in the state of Maharashtra in the last 5 years (6), and the lifetime risk of HEV infection exceeds 60% (28). Sporadic cases have also been reported in regions where HEV is endemic, as well as in areas where it is not endemic. Although some of these cases were associated with travel, many cases involved patients without a history of travel to regions where HEV is endemic. Accumulating evidence suggests that sporadic infection occurs through a zoonotic route and is not limited to developing countries. Seroprevalence suggests hepatitis E infection may also be prevalent in high-income countries (21), such as the United States (17), the United Kingdom (3), and Japan (18). The overall mortality rate of HEV infection during an outbreak generally ranges from 1 to 15%, and the highest mortality occurs in pregnant women, with fatality rates of up to 30% (19).The HEV virion is composed of a 7.2-kb single-stranded RNA molecule and a 32-to 34-nm icosahedral capsid. The HEV genome contains three open reading frames (ORFs).The capsid protein, encoded by the second open reading frame (ORF2), located at the 3Ј terminus of the genome, comprises 660 amino acids and is responsible for most capsid-related functions, such as assembly, host interaction, and immunogenicity. Recombinant ORF2 proteins can induce antibodies that block...

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“…However, a recent study showed that 3% of a population of Canadian Inuit had IgG antibodies to HEV (none were viremic). HEV infection has been linked to consumption of deer and caribou, although local caribou were all HEV-negative in this study [45] .…”

Section: Hepatitis D and Ementioning

confidence: 58%

Chronic liver disease in Aboriginal North Americans

Scott

Garland

2008

WJG

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A structured literature review was performed to detail the frequency and etiology of chronic liver disease (CLD) in Aboriginal North Americans. CLD affects Aboriginal North Americans disproportionately and is now one of the most common causes of death. Alcoholic liver disease is the leading etiology of CLD, but viral hepatitis, particularly hepatitis C, is an important and growing cause of CLD. High rates of autoimmune hepatitis and primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) are reported in regions of coastal British Columbia and southeastern Alaska. Non-alcoholic liver disease is a common, but understudied, cause of CLD. Future research should monitor the incidence and etiology of CLD and should be geographically inclusive. In addition, more research is needed on the treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in this population.

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Serological Evidence of Hepatitis E Virus Infection in an Indigenous North American Population

Cited by 36 publications

References 17 publications

Serological and molecular epidemiological outcomes after two decades of universal infant hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination in Nunavut, Canada

Serological and molecular epidemiological outcomes after two decades of universal infant hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination in Nunavut, Canada

Spatial Configuration of Hepatitis E Virus Antigenic Domain

Chronic liver disease in Aboriginal North Americans

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