Serological tests for syphilis in pregnancy. False and missed positive reactions.

Schofield, C. B. S.

doi:10.1136/sti.49.5.420

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 3 publications

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“…It is, however, interesting to note that the increased sensitivity of the manual CWR did not result in the detection of a greater number of positive cases of syphilis; in fact if the CWR had bee this comparative study, not one car infection would have been missed b automated tests and 57 false positi have been avoided. These results the opinion expressed by previous son et al, 1972;Schofield, 1973) t superfluous in a screening system wI a cardiolipin flocculation test and ( number of false positive results ob the CWR from the automated scre simplify the complement fixation the number of repeat tests necess detected by a pooled antigen.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

Evaluation of automated large-scale screening tests for syphilis.

Macfarlane¹,

Hare²,

Elias-Jones³

1976

J Clin Pathol

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Previous authors (Pugh and Gaze, 1966;Wagstaff et al, 1969) have reported favourably on the use of the Technicon AutoAnalyzer for automation of the CWR and RPCFT, but one of the main problems seemed to be the continuous flow system's limited rate of testing. If all specimens were tested against cardiolipin and Reiter antigens separately, and all those giving positive or doubtful results were retested against complement alone, it would be difficult to test more than 150 samples each day as allowance must be made for the time required to prepare the machine for use, to wash it through after testing is finished, and to transcribe the results. This would not be considered a significant improvement on the manual test. It is, of course, possible to

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

Evaluation of automated large-scale screening tests for syphilis.

Macfarlane¹,

Hare²,

Elias-Jones³

1976

J Clin Pathol

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The Global Epidemiology of Syphilis in the Past Century – A Systematic Review Based on Antenatal Syphilis Prevalence

2016

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BackgroundHow can we explain the uneven decline of syphilis around the world following the introduction of penicillin? In this paper we use antenatal syphilis prevalence (ASP) to investigate how syphilis prevalence varied worldwide in the past century, and what risk factors correlate with this variance.Methods1) A systematic review using PubMed and Google Scholar was conducted to identify countries with published data relating to ASP estimates from before 1952 until the present. Eleven countries were identified (Canada, Denmark, Finland, India, Japan, Norway, Singapore, South Africa, United States of America (USA), United Kingdom (UK) and Zimbabwe). The ASP epidemic curve for each population was depicted graphically. In South Africa and the USA, results are reported separately for the black and white populations. 2) National antenatal syphilis prevalence estimates for 1990 to 1999 and 2008 were taken from an Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation database on the prevalence of syphilis in low risk populations compiled for the Global Burden of Diseases study and from a recent review paper respectively. National ASPs were depicted graphically and regional median ASPs were calculated for both time periods. 3) Linear regression was used to test for an association between ASP in 1990–1999 and 2008 and four risk factors (efficacy of syphilis screening/treatment, health expenditure, GDP per capita and circumcision prevalence). WHO world regions were included as potential explanatory variables.ResultsIn most populations, ASP dropped to under 1% before 1960. In Zimbabwe and black South Africans, ASP was high in the pre-penicillin period, dropped in the post-penicillin period, but then plateaued at around 6% until the end of the 20th century when ASP dropped to just above 1%. In black Americans, ASP declined in the post penicillin period, but plateaued at 3–5% thereafter. ASP was statistically significantly higher in sub-Saharan Africa in 1990–1999 and 2008 than in the other world regions (P < 0.001). On multivariate analysis in both time periods, ASP was only associated with residence in sub-Saharan Africa.ConclusionsFurther research is necessary to elucidate the reasons for the higher prevalence of syphilis in sub-Saharan Africa.

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Serological tests for syphilis in pregnancy. False and missed positive reactions.

Cited by 2 publications

References 3 publications

Evaluation of automated large-scale screening tests for syphilis.

Evaluation of automated large-scale screening tests for syphilis.

The Global Epidemiology of Syphilis in the Past Century – A Systematic Review Based on Antenatal Syphilis Prevalence

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