Seroprevalence of Hepatitis B and C Virus in Two Institutions Caring for Mentally Handicapped Adults

Cramp, M.; Grundy, H C; Perinpanayagam, R.M.; Barnado, D E

doi:10.1177/014107689608900712

Cited by 18 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 14 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Stehr-Green et al [1991] conducted a cross-sectional study of people with ID in New Zealand institutions and the risk of hepatitis B infection increased 17% for each additional year of residence. Numerous studies of institutionalized populations across countries such as Brazil, Belgium, England, Spain, New Zealand, and South Africa demonstrate a wide range (12-61%) in the seroprevalence of hepatitis B, with increased rates among people with Down syndrome [DeVuyst and Maesen-Collard, 1991;Stehr-Green et al, 1991;Schoub et al, 1993;Campins et al, 1994;Cunningham et al, 1994;Cramp et al, 1996;Arnedo Pena et al, 1998;Lunding et al, 1999;de Souza et al, 2004]. One study of 41 institutionalized persons in Finland documented a much lower rate of infection at 2% [Molsa, 1990].…”

Section: Sexually Transmitted Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexual health care in persons with intellectual disabilities

Servais

2006

Ment. Retard. Dev. Disabil. Res. Rev.

144

121

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In the past, preventive health concerning sexuality of people with intellectual disabilities was addressed through surgical sterilization as part of nationwide eugenic programs in many countries. For more than 30 years now, it has come progressively to light in the scientific literature that, besides major ethical and legal problems, these programs also failed to assess many of the individual's needs in sexual health. The fact that an increasing number of people with intellectual disabilities live in the community rather than in institutions has heightened public awareness that these individuals have sexual expectancies, desires, and needs that must be supported through both education and health services. The emergence of AIDS, including descriptions of cases among people with intellectual disabilities, has further demonstrated that surgical sterilization cannot be considered a global option to achieve preventive sexual health. The aim of this paper is to review scientific studies that have assessed the expectancies and support needs of persons with intellectual disabilities in terms of sexual health. These needs vary widely from one individual to another, according to life milieu, level of disability, and potential comorbidity. From this review, it appears that hygiene management, global gynecological care, and prevention of unplanned pregnancy, sexually transmitted diseases, and abuse have been frequently identified as areas in which the presence of intellectual disability dictates specific support needs. Different approaches that have been evaluated to address these issues will also be discussed. Key Words: sexuality; contraception; sterilization; sexually transmitted disease; hygiene management; pregnancy S exual health is influenced by a variety of political and social events and is broader than the absence of disease [Edwards and Coleman, 2004], encompassing both mental and physical aspects of human functioning that are important to overall well being [Sandfort and Ehrhardt, 2004]. The concept of sexual health in persons with intellectual disabilities (ID) is an extremely sensitive subject, and while advances have been made in employment, housing, and other aspects of community integration, the sexual needs of these individuals have been relatively ignored or strictly controlled by caregivers and service agencies [Bambara and Brantlinger, 2002; Hinsburger and Tough, 2002]. The importance of sexual health for people with ID has received increased attention in the past several decades and was recently highlighted by the 58th World Health Assembly (World Health Organization [(WHO)], which urged member states to include a disability component, including those with ID, in sexual health policies and programs [WHO, 2005a].Despite the heightened awareness of sexual health needs in this population, there has been a tendency to focus on issues of sexual rights and sexuality, and there is relatively less information on related factors such as preventive health. The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (USDHHS...

show abstract

Section: Sexually Transmitted Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexual health care in persons with intellectual disabilities

Servais

2006

Ment. Retard. Dev. Disabil. Res. Rev.

144

121

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…For example, adolescents with conduct disorder or hyperactivity are more likely to contract an STI than their peers 16,17 . In contrast, individuals with severe cognitive impairments are at decreased risk for contracting most STIs 18‐20 . Findings, however, largely come from studies of individuals in residential settings; it is possible that the prevalence of STIs is higher for cognitively impaired individuals who are better integrated into their communities.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexually Transmitted Infection Among Adolescents Receiving Special Education Services

Mandell

Eleey

Cederbaum

et al. 2008

Journal of School Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BACKGROUND To estimate the relative risk of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among children identified as having learning disabilities through the special education system. METHODS This cross-sectional study used special education data and Medicaid data from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, for calendar year 2002. The sample comprised 51,234 Medicaid-eligible children, aged 12–17 years, 8015 of whom were receiving special education services. Claims associated with diagnoses of STIs were abstracted, and logistic regression was used to estimate the odds of STI among children in different special education categories. RESULTS There were 3% of males and 5% of females who were treated for an STI through the Medicaid system in 2002. Among females, those in the mental retardation (MR) category were at greatest risk (6.9%) and those in the emotionally disturbed or “no special education” category at lowest risk (4.9% each). Among males, STIs were most prevalent among those classified as mentally gifted (6.7%) and lowest among those in the MR category (3.0%). In adjusted analyses, males with specific learning disabilities and females with MR or who were academically gifted were at excess risk for STIs. CONCLUSIONS The finding that children with learning disabilities are at similar or greater risk for contracting STIs as other youth suggests the need to further understand their risk behaviors and the potential need to develop prevention programs specific to their learning needs.

show abstract

“…73 A higher rate of chronic infection is also found in patients at institutions for learning disabilities. 63 Almost all (>90%) of infants born to infectious (HBeAg þve) mothers will become chronic carriers unless immunised immediately at birth. 59 .…”

Section: Chronic Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%