Serotonin Depletion Does not Modify the Short-Term Brain Hypometabolism and Hippocampal Neurodegeneration Induced by the Lithium–Pilocarpine Model of Status Epilepticus in Rats

Garcı́a-Garcı́a, Luis; Shiha, Ahmed Anis; Bascuñana, Pablo; Cristóbal, Javier de; Rosa, Rubén Fernández de la; Delgado, Mercedes; Pozo, Miguel A.

doi:10.1007/s10571-015-0240-4

Cited by 12 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…PCPA (Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA), a specific inhibitor of serotonin (5-HT) biosynthesis, was administered (100 mg/kg) once a day for seven days, as described previously [35]. PCPA has shown a high degree of 5-HT depletion (>90%) yielded by similar treatment [36].…”

Section: Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Major Plant in Herbal Mixture Gan-Mai-Da-Zao for the Alleviation of Depression in Rat Models

Cheng

Hsu

et al. 2022

Plants

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Gan-Mai-Da-Zao (GMDZ) is a well-known product in Chinese traditional medicine and includes three major plants: blighted wheat (Fu Mai), licorice (Gan Cao), and jujube (Da Zao). GMDZ is widely used as an efficacious and well-tolerated prescription for depression in clinics. The present study was designed to investigate the main plant of GMDZ for its antidepressant-like effect using the unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS) model on rats who received an injection with p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA) to produce the chemical model. In rats subjected to the UCMS model, forced swim tests, open field tests, and sucrose preference tests were applied to estimate the chronic effect of GMDZ. We found that the oral administration of GMDZ for 21 days significantly alleviated the behavior in rats with depression induced by either UCMS or PCPA. The expression levels of the serotonin transporter (5-HTT) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the hippocampus of the rats with depression were markedly increased by GMDZ. Additionally, rats that received the herbal mixture without licorice showed a markedly lower response than GMDZ. These results suggest that GMDZ may alleviate the depressive-like behaviors in depressive rats, possibly via licorice (Gan Cao), to increase 5-HTT and BDNF signals in the hippocampus. The present study confirmed the antidepressant-like effects of GMDZ. Additionally, licorice (Gan Cao) may play a key role in the effectiveness of GMDZ.

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Section: Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Major Plant in Herbal Mixture Gan-Mai-Da-Zao for the Alleviation of Depression in Rat Models

Cheng

Hsu

et al. 2022

Plants

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“…Shiha and colleagues showed that subacute treatment with fluoxetine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, prevented short-term hypometabolism following pilocarpine-induced SE in rats (Shiha et al, 2015). Similar approach was used to evaluate the efficacy of p-chlorophenylalanine, a specific tryptophan hydroxylase inhibitor, without any effect (Garcia-Garcia et al, 2016). On the contrary, treatment with metyrapone, an 11-hydroxylase inhibitor, prevented hypometabolism and brain damage caused by SE in rats (Garcia-Garcia et al, 2017).…”

Section: Imaging Brain Activationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuroimaging in animal models of epilepsy

et al. 2017

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Epilepsy is one of the most common chronic neurological conditions worldwide. The current poor understanding and lack of reliable biomarkers of the epileptogenic process are the major limitations in the development of anti-epileptic drugs that are able to prevent or modify the underlying disease. The rapid progress in advanced imaging technologies has expanded our opportunities to study the disease in animal models of epilepsy by means of non-invasive research tools. Here we review the advances of different in vivo imaging techniques, including magnetic resonance-based and nuclear imaging-based modalities, in animal models of epilepsy. Together these techniques can be applied to visualize and quantify structural, metabolic, functional and molecular changes in longitudinal study designs to provide unique information about early pathophysiological changes and their interplay involved in epileptogenesis, monitoring the disease progression, assessing the effectiveness of possible therapies, and potentially identify translatable biomarkers for clinical use.

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“…La espectroscopia de resonancia magnética (MRS, acrónimo inglés de Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy) detecta metabolitos cerebrales asociados con el SE como el N-acetil aspartato (NAA), los neurotransmisores GABA y glutamato, metabolitos como el lactato y biomarcadores de glía como el mio-inositol (mIns), cuyos niveles aumentan en fases iniciales de la epileptogénesis en varios modelos animales de SE (15). Los estudios de PET con 2-desoxi-2-( 18 F) fluoro-D-glucosa ( 18 F-FDG) en diferentes modelos animales de ELT detectan hipermetabolismo cerebral tras las crisis epilépticas agudas (16,17). Además, en el periodo silente es característico el hipometabolismo cerebral que es predictivo de la generación de crisis epilépticas en modelos de kindling químico (18).…”

Section: Descargas Intercríticasunclassified

Experimental models in the study of epileptogenesis

et al. 2022

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Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease characterized by spontaneous recurrently occurring epileptic seizures as a consequence of abnormal, excessive and synchronous neuronal activity in the brain. Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is the most common form of focal epilepsy in adults, being characterized by hippocampal sclerosis, reactive gliosis, neurodegeneration, and synaptic reorganization. Animal models of TLE based on the administration of convulsive agents trigger a status epilepticus (SE) that progresses towards the occurrence of spontaneous recurrent seizures. Among these models are those induced by the systemic administration of pilocarpine or by intrahippocampal injection of kainic acid, both being characterized by 3 clearly defined phases: (i) acute SE seizures; (ii) latent period and (iii) occurrence of recurrent spontaneous seizures. These models not only reproduce most of the neuropathological TLE features but also allow for the identification of biomarkers of epileptogenesis and potential pharmacological targets. The use of neuroimaging techniques such as positron emission tomography (PET) with the radiotracer 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) identifies brain hypometabolism in the latent period that not only localizes the epileptic focus but is also an biomarker of early diagnosis. Other neuroimaging techniques allow for detecting, among others, biomarkers of neuroinflammation, alterations in the permeability of the blood-brain barrier and astrocytic activation, all of them associated with epileptogenesis. Finally, the use of chemogenetics through DREADDs (Designer Receptors Exclusively Activated by Designer Drugs) technology in murine models leads to targeted modulation of astrocytic activity, being a novel tool that considers the contribution of the astrocytes role in brain metabolic alterations in epileptogenesis.

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Serotonin Depletion Does not Modify the Short-Term Brain Hypometabolism and Hippocampal Neurodegeneration Induced by the Lithium–Pilocarpine Model of Status Epilepticus in Rats

Cited by 12 publications

References 29 publications

Major Plant in Herbal Mixture Gan-Mai-Da-Zao for the Alleviation of Depression in Rat Models

Major Plant in Herbal Mixture Gan-Mai-Da-Zao for the Alleviation of Depression in Rat Models

Neuroimaging in animal models of epilepsy

Experimental models in the study of epileptogenesis

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