Serotype distribution of invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae in Canada during the introduction of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, 2010

Abstract

A baseline serotype distribution was established by age and region for 2058 invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates collected during the implementation period of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) program in many parts of Canada in 2010. Serotypes 19A, 7F, and 3 were the most prevalent in all age groups, accounting for 57% in <2 year olds, 62% in 2-4 year olds, 45% in 5-14 year olds, 44% in 15-49 year olds, 41% in 50-64 year olds, and 36% in ≥65 year olds. Serotype 19A was most predominant in Western and Central Canada representing 15% and 22%, respectively, of the isolates from those regions, whereas 7F was most common in Eastern Canada with 20% of the isolates. Other prevalent serotypes include 15A, 23B, 12F, 22F, and 6C. PCV13 serotypes represented 65% of the pneumococci isolated from <2 year olds, 71% of 2-4 year olds, 61% of 5-14 year olds, 60% of 15-49 year olds, 53% of 50-64 year olds, and 49% of the ≥65 year olds. Continued monitoring of invasive pneumococcal serotypes in Canada is important to identify epidemiological trends and assess the impact of the newly introduced PCV13 vaccine on public health.

The Majority of Adult Pneumococcal Invasive Infections in Portugal Are Still Potentially Vaccine Preventable in Spite of Significant Declines of Serotypes 1 and 5

“…2) in contrast to what happens elsewhere, where more significant reductions of serotype 14 in adult IPD followed PCV7 use in children [12], [34]. Serotype 14 isolates were mostly resistant to either erythromycin or penicillin or both (101/106, 95%) (Fig.…”

“…The effect of childhood vaccination in the distribution of IPD serotypes in adults was always found to be delayed in relation to the effects seen in children in the countries where the vaccine is available [12], [14], [34]. Given this prior experience with PCV7, the introduction of PCV13 in childhood vaccination in early 2010 in Portugal would only be expected to have an effect in the distribution of serotypes causing IPD in adults around 2011.…”

“…The latter was also notable for being frequently resistant to both erythromycin and penicillin. Serotypes 6C and 22F were also found among the most frequent in adult IPD in Canada in 2010 [34]. Since these are not covered by currently available PCVs, these serotypes may emerge as important causes of adult IPD in the post-PCV era.…”

Phenotypic and Molecular Characterization of Optochin-Resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae Isolates from Brazil, with Description of Five Novel Mutations in the atpC Gene

“…Identical serotypes were observed for the Opt r and Opt s subpopulations derived from the same culture. Interestingly, among the eight isolates belonging to serogroup 6, three belonged to the recently described variant 6C (32), which seems to have emerged during the postvaccination era in developed countries (33,34). Moreover, five of the capsular types identified (1, 6B, 14, 18C, and 23F), comprising a total of 10 strains, are included in the 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV10), which was incorporated into the Brazilian Immunization Programme in 2010 (http://portal.saude.gov.br /portal/arquivos/pdf/intro_pneumococica10_val_04_02_10_ver _final.pdf).…”

Composition and immunological significance of the upper respiratory tract microbiota

“…Nasal swabs have also been used to measure the efficacy of vaccination and to understand the interplay between age and environmental risk factors in carriage and disease risk . For example, as a result of vaccination against S. pneumoniae , previously common serotypes which are included in the vaccine are being replaced with nonvaccine serotypes, and overall S. pneumoniae colonization has gone unchanged .…”