Serotype, Shiga Toxin (Stx) Type, and Antimicrobial Resistance of Stx-Producing Escherichia coli Isolated from Humans in Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan (2003^|^ndash;2007)

Hiroi, Midori; Takahashi, Naomi; Harada, Tetsuya; Kawamori, Fumihiko; Iida, Natsuko; Kanda, Takashi; Sugiyama, Ken; Ohashi, Norio; Hara-Kudo, Yukiko; Masuda, Takashi

doi:10.7883/yoken.65.198

Cited by 17 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…is now estimated to cause more than one million illnesses and 378 deaths annually [10,11]. E. coli toxins are estimated to cause 176,000 illnesses and 20 fatalities a year [12]. Hence, these two pathogens are a major cause of concern and were therefore selected for our study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. in meat in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

Iyer

Kumosani

Yaghmoor

et al. 2013

J Infect Dev Ctries

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Introduction: Food-borne pathogens are the leading cause of illness and death in developing countries, killing approximately 1.8 million people annually. In developed countries, food-borne pathogens are responsible for millions of cases of infectious gastrointestinal diseases each year, costing billions of dollars. The objective of this study was to screen for two major food-borne pathogens, Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp., from meat samples obtained from different strata of the consumer market in Jeddah. Methodology: A total of 60 meat samples, 20 each from large hypermarkets, groceries and small butcher shops were used in the study. Samples were transported to the laboratory in a cooler. They were macerated in peptone water and then seeded on selective media appropriate for each organism. Colonies were identified using conventional microbiological methods and suspected colonies were confirmed as E. coli and Salmonella spp. by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using specific primers. Results: The results indicated a high degree of contamination in samples from butcher shops as compared to those from groceries or hypermarkets (high scale supermarkets). Both pathogens E. coli and Salmonella spp. were found in higher rates in the samples from butcher shops. In small butcher shops, E. coli was found at an incidence of 65%, and Salmonella at 45%. Conclusion: The results indicate an urgent need for applying proper food hygienic practices in food outlets, especially in small ones, to reduce the incidence of food-borne diseases. Vigilance by the right agencies must be implemented in order to prevent future food-borne outbreaks.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. in meat in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

Iyer

Kumosani

Yaghmoor

et al. 2013

J Infect Dev Ctries

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“…We have shown that mercury resistance transposons carrying CRL transpose onto EHEC virulence plasmids (Venturini et al, 2010; Venturini and Djordjevic, unpublished results) and we believe that such mechanisms are playing an important role in the spread of CRL among important zoonotic pathogens. An appraisal of the literature shows that MDR EHEC isolates displaying resistance to ampicillin, streptomycin, sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim, and tetracycline are frequently reported (Schroeder et al, 2002; Singh et al, 2005; Cain et al, 2010; Dawes et al, 2010; Li et al, 2011; Hiroi et al, 2012) but the molecular analyses of where the resistance genes are located are lacking. Nonetheless, these observations suggest that mercury resistance transposons play an important (Gastmeier and Vonberg, 2008) role in the assembly and transmission of CRL among EHEC and other Gram negative pathogens (Szczepanowski et al, 2005; Cain et al, 2010; Venturini et al, 2010; Labar et al, 2012).…”

Section: Antibiotic Use In Agriculture and Veterinary Medicinementioning

confidence: 99%

Mobile elements, zoonotic pathogens and commensal bacteria: conduits for the delivery of resistance genes into humans, production animals and soil microbiota

Djordjevic¹,

Stokes²,

Chowdhury³

2013

Front. Microbiol.

105

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Multiple antibiotic resistant pathogens represent a major clinical challenge in both human and veterinary context. It is now well-understood that the genes that encode resistance are context independent. That is, the same gene is commonly present in otherwise very disparate pathogens in both humans and production and companion animals, and among bacteria that proliferate in an agricultural context. This can be true even for pathogenic species or clonal types that are otherwise confined to a single host or ecological niche. It therefore follows that mechanisms of gene flow must exist to move genes from one part of the microbial biosphere to another. It is widely accepted that lateral (or horizontal) gene transfer (L(H)GT) drives this gene flow. LGT is relatively well-understood mechanistically but much of this knowledge is derived from a reductionist perspective. We believe that this is impeding our ability to deal with the medical ramifications of LGT. Resistance genes and the genetic scaffolds that mobilize them in multiply drug resistant bacteria of clinical significance are likely to have their origins in completely unrelated parts of the microbial biosphere. Resistance genes are increasingly polluting the microbial biosphere by contaminating environmental niches where previously they were not detected. More attention needs to be paid to the way that humans have, through the widespread application of antibiotics, selected for combinations of mobile elements that enhance the flow of resistance genes between remotely linked parts of the microbial biosphere. Attention also needs to be paid to those bacteria that link human and animal ecosystems. We argue that multiply antibiotic resistant commensal bacteria are especially important in this regard. More generally, the post genomics era offers the opportunity for understanding how resistance genes are mobilized from a one health perspective. In the long term, this holistic approach offers the best opportunity to better manage what is an enormous problem to humans both in terms of health and food security.

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“…Among these, EHEC O26:H11/H − (nonmotile) are the serotypes that are most frequently associated with severe human diseases in Europe (Gerber et al 2002; Tozzi et al 2003; Ethelberg et al 2004; Espié et al 2008; Mellmann et al 2008; Zimmerhackl et al 2010; Käppeli et al 2011; Buvens et al 2012) and the United States (Jelacic et al 2003; Brooks et al 2005; Hedican et al 2009). Furthermore, EHEC O26 has also been increasingly detected in South American (Rivas et al 2006), Asian (Hiroi et al 2012), and Australian (Vally et al 2012) patients, demonstrating the global dissemination of this EHEC serogroup. Moreover, EHEC O26 infections can be comparable with EHEC O157 infections in the severity of the acute HUS and long-term sequelae (Gerber et al 2002; Pollock et al 2011; Zieg et al 2012; Rosales et al 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O26 Based on Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms

Bletz

Bielaszewska

Leopold

et al. 2013

Genome Biology and Evolution

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Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O26:H11/H− is the predominant non-O157 EHEC serotype among patients with diarrhea, bloody diarrhea, and hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) worldwide. To elucidate their phylogeny and association between their phylogenetic background and clinical outcome of the infection, we investigated 120 EHEC O26:H11/H− strains isolated between 1965 and 2012 from asymptomatic carriers and patients with diarrhea or HUS. Whole-genome shotgun sequencing (WGS) was applied to ten representative EHEC O26 isolates to determine single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) localizations within a predefined set of core genes. A multiplex SNP assay, comprising a randomly distributed subset of 48 SNPs, was established to detect SNPs in 110 additional EHEC O26 strains. Within approximately 1 Mb of core genes, WGS resulted in 476 high-quality bi-allelic SNP localizations. Forty-eight of these were subsequently investigated in 110 EHEC O26 and four different SNP clonal complexes (SNP-CC) were identified. SNP-CC2 was significantly associated with the development of HUS. Within the subsequently established evolutionary model of EHEC O26, we dated the emergence of human EHEC O26 to approximately 19,700 years ago and demonstrated a recent evolution within humans into the 4 SNP-CCs over the past 1,650 years. WGS and subsequent SNP typing enabled us to gain new insights into the evolution of EHEC O26 suggesting a common theme in this EHEC group with analogies to EHEC O157. In addition, the SNP-CC analysis may help to assess a risk in infected individuals for the progression to HUS and to implement more specific infection control measures.

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Serotype, Shiga Toxin (Stx) Type, and Antimicrobial Resistance of Stx-Producing Escherichia coli Isolated from Humans in Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan (2003^|^ndash;2007)

Cited by 17 publications

References 13 publications

Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. in meat in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. in meat in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

Mobile elements, zoonotic pathogens and commensal bacteria: conduits for the delivery of resistance genes into humans, production animals and soil microbiota

Evolution of Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O26 Based on Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms

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