Serum Acute Phase Protein Concentrations in Dogs with Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia

Abstract

Background: Serial monitoring of acute phase protein (APP) concentrations in canine autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) has not been reported.Hypotheses: Acute canine AIHA is accompanied by an acute phase response (APR) characterized by increased C-reactive protein (CRP) and a1-acid glycoprotein (AAG) concentrations and decreased albumin concentrations.Animals: Twenty-seven dogs with AIHA and 11 control dogs. Methods: Prospective, cohort study. CRP, AAG, and albumin concentrations, white blood cell (WBC) count, and packed cell volume (PCV) were determined at admission (day 1), every 48 hours until death or discharge, and on days 30, 90, 180, and 365.Results: Compared with controls, CRP and AAG concentrations were increased and albumin concentration was decreased in dogs with AIHA (days 1-7; P o .002) and normalized with disease stabilization (days 9-365; P 4 .05). APP concentrations on day 1 were not predictive of survival, duration of hospitalization, or number of blood transfusions (P 5 .153-.940). PCV correlated with APP concentrations over time (CRP r 5 À.600, AAG r 5 À.665, albumin r 5 .533; P o .0001) as did WBC count (CRP r 5 .253, AAG r 5 .486, albumin r 5 À.246; P o .006). Day 1 CRP concentration was lower for dogs that received corticosteroids before referral (115.3 mg/mL) compared with dogs that did not (191.2 mg/mL; P 5 .02).Conclusions: An APR occurs in canine AIHA. Initial APP concentrations are not predictive of acute survival, correlate with hematologic markers of remission, and normalize rapidly with disease stabilization.

Evaluation of the use of serum C-reactive protein concentration to predict outcome in puppies infected with canine parvovirus

“…26 Despite the significant association between serum CRP concentrations and odds of death in the present study, results of ROC curve analysis indicated that the discriminative ability of CRP concentration alone in predicting outcome was only moderately accurate. This is in accordance with findings of several oth-er clinical studies 27,[38][39][40] that indicated circulating CRP concentration alone does not correspond to outcome.…”

Canine idiopathic immune-mediated haemolytic anaemia: a review with recommendations for future research

“…Additionally, interaction of P-selectin with its receptor, PSGL-1, stimulates the production of thrombogenic microparticles from leucocytes (mainly monocytes), which together with platelets and endothelial cells play an important role in thrombogenesis (Ramacciotti et al 2009;Wakefield et al 2009). The presence of an inflammatory response in dogs with IMHA is also evidenced by the activity of chemotaxins, such as monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and acutephase proteins (Tecles et al 2005;Griebsch et al 2009;Mitchell et al 2009;Duffy et al 2010;Yuki et al 2010). …”

“…Pronounced leucocytosis with a left shift is a common laboratory feature at presentation, or leucocytosis may develop in dogs with leucopenia or normoleukaemia at presentation (Mitchell et al 2009). Monocytosis is present in about 50% of cases (Thompson et al 2004).…”

Acute Phase Proteins as Biomarkers in Animal Health and Welfare

“…Specific APPs have been reported as value tools in monitoring both infectious diseases, just as CRP and Cp (but not SAA or Hp) in leishmaniasis (Martínez-Subiela et al, 2003) or CRP (but not Hp) in trypanosomiasis (N'dungu et al, 1991), and inflammatory processes, just as SAA in feline acute pancreatitis (associated with remission and recurrence) (Tamamoto et al, 2009) or Hp in bovine respiratory disease (Carter et al, 2002). In other conditions, just as canine hemolytic anemia, the changes in APPs were not useful to monitor the success of specific treatments (Griebsch et al, 2009;Mitchell et al, 2009). On the other side, some prophylactic strategies are carried out in order to prevent the disease.…”