Serum amyloid A (SAA): an acute phase protein and apolipoprotein

Malle, Ernst; Steinmetz, Armin; Raynes, John G.

doi:10.1016/0021-9150(93)90155-n

Cited by 184 publications

(154 citation statements)

References 152 publications

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“…The finding of SAA in as many as 50 % of the cow composite milk samples and 82 % of the bulk tank milk samples is surprisingly high. SAA is an apolipoprotein (Malle et al 1993;Uhlar & Whitehead, 1999) and it is likely that the main part of the protein will be found in association with the milk fat. Thus, we believe it is important to use whole milk samples instead of defatted milk, which was the case in the present study and in the study by Grö nlund et al (2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Haptoglobin and serum amyloid A in relation to the somatic cell count in quarter, cow composite and bulk tank milk samples

Åkerstedt

Waller

Sternesjö

2007

Journal of Dairy Research

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Milk somatic cell count (SCC) is the gold standard in diagnosis of subclinical mastitis, and is also an important parameter in quality programmes of dairy cooperatives. As routine SCC analysis is usually restricted to central laboratories, much effort has been invested in the search for alternative biomarkers of mastitis and milk quality, including the presence in the milk of the acute phase proteins (APP), haptoglobin (Hp) and serum amyloid A (SAA). The aim of this study was to investigate relationships between Hp, SAA and SCC in quarter, cow composite, and bulk tank milk samples. Cows (n = 165), without any clinical signs of disease or abnormalities in the milk or udder, from three different dairy farms, were used. Cow composite milk samples from all cows delivering milk at the sampling occasion were taken once in each herd. In one of the farms, representative quarter milk samples (n = 103) from 26 cows were also collected. In addition, bulk tank milk samples from 96 dairy farms were included in the study. Samples were analysed for Hp, SAA and SCC, and relationships between the parameters were evaluated at quarter, cow and tank milk levels using Chi-square analysis. Milk samples were categorized according to their SCC, and the presence, or no presence, of SAA and Hp, based on the detection limits of the screening methods (0 . 3 mg/l and 1 . 0 mg/l for SAA and Hp, respectively). Hp and SAA were found in milk at quarter, cow composite and bulk tank levels. A large proportion (53%) of the animals had detectable milk concentrations of APP, and SAA was detected more frequently, and at higher concentrations than Hp, regardless of sample type. SAA was detected in as many as 82 % of the bulk tank milk samples. Significant relationships were found between Hp, SAA and SCC at quarter and cow composite milk levels, but only between SAA and SCC at bulk tank milk level. Detectable levels of APP were more common at high SCC.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Haptoglobin and serum amyloid A in relation to the somatic cell count in quarter, cow composite and bulk tank milk samples

Åkerstedt

Waller

Sternesjö

2007

Journal of Dairy Research

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“…Unlike normal HDL particles, high density lipoproteins modified by APR do not display any in vitro anti-inflammatory property, while are converted to pro-inflammatory molecules, perhaps as a consequence of their increased ceruloplasmin content [29]. Furthermore, these structural changes are associated with accelerated HDL clearance leading to low levels [30], reduced affinity for hepatocytes, and increased affinity for macrophages [31,27].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High interleukin-6 plasma levels are associated with low HDL-C levels in community-dwelling older adults: The InChianti study

et al. 2007

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“…Some evidence suggests a possible role of insulin in stimulating acute-phase proteins (O'Riordain et al, 1995;Thompson et al, 1991) which have been directly related to intra-abdominal fat and inversely related to insulin-stimulated glucose disposal (Sites et al, 2002). HDL is considered a negative acute-phase protein (Malle et al, 1993) and has been found to be negatively associated to C-reactive protein (CRP) and acute and Glycemic index in chronic disease LS Augustin et al chronic inflammatory states (Bausserman et al, 1988;Rossner, 1978;Hardardottir et al, 1994). HDL may reduce the inflammatory response by binding to stimulated T cells thus blocking their interaction with monocytes and consequently inhibiting TNF-a and IL-1b (Hyka et al, 2001).…”

Section: The Glycemic Index In Coronary Heart Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Glycemic index in chronic disease: a review

et al. 2002

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Aim: The intent of this review is to critically analyze the scientific evidence on the role of the glycemic index in chronic Western disease and to discuss the utility of the glycemic index in the prevention and management of these disease states. Background: The glycemic index ranks foods based on their postprandial blood glucose response. Hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance, as well as their determinants (eg high energy intake, obesity, lack of physical activity) have been implicated in the etiology of diabetes, coronary heart disease and cancer. Recently, among dietary factors, carbohydrates have attracted much attention as a significant culprit, however, different types of carbohydrate produce varying glycemic and insulinemic responses. Low glycemic index foods, characterized by slowly absorbed carbohydrates, have been shown in some studies to produce beneficial effects on glucose control, hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, blood lipids and satiety. Method: Studies on the short and long-term metabolic effects of diets with different glycemic indices will be presented and discussed. The review will focus primarily on clinical and epidemiological data, and will briefly discuss in vitro and animal studies related to possible mechanisms by which the glycemic index may influence chronic disease.

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Serum amyloid A (SAA): an acute phase protein and apolipoprotein

Cited by 184 publications

References 152 publications

Haptoglobin and serum amyloid A in relation to the somatic cell count in quarter, cow composite and bulk tank milk samples

Haptoglobin and serum amyloid A in relation to the somatic cell count in quarter, cow composite and bulk tank milk samples

High interleukin-6 plasma levels are associated with low HDL-C levels in community-dwelling older adults: The InChianti study

Glycemic index in chronic disease: a review

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